Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some developmental abnormalities of the liver

A

Congenital biliary cysts Bilobed and trilobed gallbladder Hepatic displacement

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2
Q

What is tension lipidosis

A

Pale areas at liver margins containing lipid - Common it cattle and horses

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3
Q

What is capsular fibrosis

A

Fibrosis tags on diaphragmatic surface of liver on adjacent diaphragm of horses

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4
Q

What is liver telangiectasia

A

Areas where sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood

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5
Q

What is passive congestion

A

Disturbance of outflow of blood from liver due to cardiac dysfunction - Right sided heart failure - Centrolobular congestion - Centrolobular hypoxia

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6
Q

What can right sided heart failure also result in

A

Ascites

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7
Q

What is acute passive congestion

A

Slightly enlarged liver May see enhanced lobular pattern - darker red from centrolobular congestion e.g. right sided heart failure

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8
Q

What is chronic passive congestion

A

Diffuse enlargement and rounded edges of the liver May see enhanced lobular pattern: ‘nutmeg liver’ esp old dogs with degenerative endocardiosis of R. AV valve

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9
Q

What is anaemia due to

A

Disturbance of inflow of blood to the liver Hypoxia of entrolobular hepatocytes Acute - atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of centrolobular hepatocytes Chronic - atrophy +/- fibrosis of centrolobular hepatocytes, dilations and congestion of sinusoids

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10
Q

What is portal hypertension

A

Increased pressure within portal vein -> can lead to acquired portosystemic shunts

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11
Q

What is prehepatic portal hypertension

A

Obstruction of portal vein

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12
Q

What is intrahepatic portal hypertension

A

Fibrosis: increased resistance to portal blood flow within sinusoids

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13
Q

What is posthepatic portal hypertension

A

Increased resistance to outflow in hepatic vein or vena cava

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14
Q

What is an acquired portosystemic shunts

A

Collateral circulation develops to allow blood to bypass the abnormal liver

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15
Q

What is ascites

A

Transudation of fluid into peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

What is a congenital portosystemic shunts

A
  • Abnormal vascular channel - Blood from portal system bypasses liver and drains straight into systemic circulation Extrahepatic shunts (most common), Intrahepatic shunts (less common)
17
Q

What does congenital portosystemic shunts cause

A

Small livers Large blood vessel to bypass liver - No portal hypertension - No ascites Clinical signs when young - Undersized, poor growth - Behavioural disturbances

18
Q
A

Biliary cysts

19
Q
A

Bilobed gallbladder

20
Q
A

Tesnion lipidosis - incidental findings

21
Q
A

Capsular fibrosis: incidental finding

22
Q
A

Liver telangiectasia: incidental finding

23
Q
A

Hepatic infarction - circulatory disorder

24
Q
A

Hepatic infaection - circulatory disorders

25
Chronic passive congestion
26
Nutmeg pattern of passive venous congestion in liver
27
Chronic passive congestion
28
Accquired portosystemic shunt secondary to portal hypertension
29
Acquired portosystemic shunt secondary to portal hypertension
30
Congenital Portosystemic Shunt
31
Congenital portosystemic shunt: portal vein direct to vena cava