Lecture 15

Question 1

What are some developmental abnormalities of the liver

Answer 1

Congenital biliary cysts Bilobed and trilobed gallbladder Hepatic displacement

Question 2

What is tension lipidosis

Answer 2

Pale areas at liver margins containing lipid - Common it cattle and horses

Question 3

What is capsular fibrosis

Answer 3

Fibrosis tags on diaphragmatic surface of liver on adjacent diaphragm of horses

Question 4

What is liver telangiectasia

Answer 4

Areas where sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood

Question 5

What is passive congestion

Answer 5

Disturbance of outflow of blood from liver due to cardiac dysfunction - Right sided heart failure - Centrolobular congestion - Centrolobular hypoxia

Question 6

What can right sided heart failure also result in

Answer 6

Ascites

Question 7

What is acute passive congestion

Answer 7

Slightly enlarged liver May see enhanced lobular pattern - darker red from centrolobular congestion e.g. right sided heart failure

Question 8

What is chronic passive congestion

Answer 8

Diffuse enlargement and rounded edges of the liver May see enhanced lobular pattern: ‘nutmeg liver’ esp old dogs with degenerative endocardiosis of R. AV valve

Question 9

What is anaemia due to

Answer 9

Disturbance of inflow of blood to the liver Hypoxia of entrolobular hepatocytes Acute - atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of centrolobular hepatocytes Chronic - atrophy +/- fibrosis of centrolobular hepatocytes, dilations and congestion of sinusoids

Question 10

What is portal hypertension

Answer 10

Increased pressure within portal vein -> can lead to acquired portosystemic shunts

Question 11

What is prehepatic portal hypertension

Answer 11

Obstruction of portal vein

Question 12

What is intrahepatic portal hypertension

Answer 12

Fibrosis: increased resistance to portal blood flow within sinusoids

Question 13

What is posthepatic portal hypertension

Answer 13

Increased resistance to outflow in hepatic vein or vena cava

Question 14

What is an acquired portosystemic shunts

Answer 14

Collateral circulation develops to allow blood to bypass the abnormal liver

Question 15

What is ascites

Answer 15

Transudation of fluid into peritoneal cavity

Question 16

What is a congenital portosystemic shunts

Answer 16

• Abnormal vascular channel - Blood from portal system bypasses liver and drains straight into systemic circulation Extrahepatic shunts (most common), Intrahepatic shunts (less common)

Question 17

What does congenital portosystemic shunts cause

Answer 17

Small livers Large blood vessel to bypass liver - No portal hypertension - No ascites Clinical signs when young - Undersized, poor growth - Behavioural disturbances

Question 18

Answer 18

Biliary cysts

Question 19

Answer 19

Bilobed gallbladder

Question 20

Answer 20

Tesnion lipidosis - incidental findings

Question 21

Answer 21

Capsular fibrosis: incidental finding

Question 22

Answer 22

Liver telangiectasia: incidental finding

Question 23

Answer 23

Hepatic infarction - circulatory disorder

Question 24

Answer 24

Hepatic infaection - circulatory disorders

Question 25

Answer 25

Chronic passive congestion

Question 26

Answer 26

Nutmeg pattern of passive venous congestion in liver

Question 27

Answer 27

Chronic passive congestion

Question 28

Answer 28

Accquired portosystemic shunt secondary to portal hypertension

Question 29

Answer 29

Acquired portosystemic shunt secondary to portal hypertension

Question 30

Answer 30

Congenital Portosystemic Shunt

Question 31

Answer 31

Congenital portosystemic shunt: portal vein direct to vena cava