Lecture 15 Flashcards
What are some developmental abnormalities of the liver
Congenital biliary cysts Bilobed and trilobed gallbladder Hepatic displacement
What is tension lipidosis
Pale areas at liver margins containing lipid - Common it cattle and horses
What is capsular fibrosis
Fibrosis tags on diaphragmatic surface of liver on adjacent diaphragm of horses
What is liver telangiectasia
Areas where sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood
What is passive congestion
Disturbance of outflow of blood from liver due to cardiac dysfunction - Right sided heart failure - Centrolobular congestion - Centrolobular hypoxia
What can right sided heart failure also result in
Ascites
What is acute passive congestion
Slightly enlarged liver May see enhanced lobular pattern - darker red from centrolobular congestion e.g. right sided heart failure
What is chronic passive congestion
Diffuse enlargement and rounded edges of the liver May see enhanced lobular pattern: ‘nutmeg liver’ esp old dogs with degenerative endocardiosis of R. AV valve
What is anaemia due to
Disturbance of inflow of blood to the liver Hypoxia of entrolobular hepatocytes Acute - atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of centrolobular hepatocytes Chronic - atrophy +/- fibrosis of centrolobular hepatocytes, dilations and congestion of sinusoids
What is portal hypertension
Increased pressure within portal vein -> can lead to acquired portosystemic shunts
What is prehepatic portal hypertension
Obstruction of portal vein
What is intrahepatic portal hypertension
Fibrosis: increased resistance to portal blood flow within sinusoids
What is posthepatic portal hypertension
Increased resistance to outflow in hepatic vein or vena cava
What is an acquired portosystemic shunts
Collateral circulation develops to allow blood to bypass the abnormal liver
What is ascites
Transudation of fluid into peritoneal cavity
What is a congenital portosystemic shunts
- Abnormal vascular channel - Blood from portal system bypasses liver and drains straight into systemic circulation Extrahepatic shunts (most common), Intrahepatic shunts (less common)
What does congenital portosystemic shunts cause
Small livers Large blood vessel to bypass liver - No portal hypertension - No ascites Clinical signs when young - Undersized, poor growth - Behavioural disturbances
Biliary cysts
Bilobed gallbladder
Tesnion lipidosis - incidental findings
Capsular fibrosis: incidental finding
Liver telangiectasia: incidental finding
Hepatic infarction - circulatory disorder
Hepatic infaection - circulatory disorders
Chronic passive congestion
Nutmeg pattern of passive venous congestion in liver
Chronic passive congestion
Accquired portosystemic shunt secondary to portal hypertension
Acquired portosystemic shunt secondary to portal hypertension
Congenital Portosystemic Shunt
Congenital portosystemic shunt: portal vein direct to vena cava
