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Parasitology > Lecture 6: Louse infestations > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Louse infestations Flashcards

1
Q

What insect is wingless, dorsoventrally flattened

A

Lice (phthiraptera)

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2
Q

Lice are obligate ___ of birds and mammals

A

Ectoparasites

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3
Q

What is pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice

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4
Q

T or F: lice have high host specificity

A

True

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5
Q

T or F: entire lifecycle of lice is completed on the host

A

True

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6
Q

Eggs (nits) of lice are attached to ___ of host

A

Hairs or feathers

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7
Q

Are lice hemi or homometabolous

A

Hemimetabolous metamorphosis

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8
Q

How many nymphal in stars are there in lice life cycle

A

3

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9
Q

T or F: lice nymphs resemble adults in appearance and behavior

A

True

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10
Q

How many weeks does it take lice to complete one generation

A

3-4 weeks

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11
Q

How is lice transmitted

A

Direct contact

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12
Q

What type of lice are anoplura

A

Suckling lice

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13
Q

What do anoplura lice infest

A

Only mammals

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14
Q

What do anoplura lice feed on

A

Blood

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15
Q

Are Anoplura lice slow or fast moving

A

Slow

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16
Q

Describe the head and prothorax of the Anoplura lice

A

Head is narrower than prothorax

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17
Q

Which type of lice have the protrusible piercing mouth parts

A

Anoplura

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18
Q

What type of lice are chewing/biting lice

A

Mallophaga

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19
Q

What do mallophaga infest

A

Birds and mammals

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20
Q

What do mallophaga lice feed on

A

Feathers, epidermal scales, sebum, blood

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21
Q

Are Mallophaga slow or fast

A

Fast

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22
Q

Describe the head and prothorax of the Mallophaga

A

Head is broader than prothorax

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23
Q

What type of mouth parts do Mallophaga have

A

Manidbulate mouthparts

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24
Q

is the following a suckling or chewing/biting lice

A

Suckling (head smaller than prothorax)

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25
Q

Is the following a suckling or chewing/biting lice

A

Chewing/biting lice (head is broader than prothorax)

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26
Q

label 1-7

A
  1. Cibarial pump
  2. Pharynx
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Proboscis armed with teeth
  5. Stylets
  6. Muscles
  7. Stylet sac
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27
Q

Pediculosis infestation ares more prevalent in…

A

Young, old, malnourished or sick animals

Or hosts living under unsanitary or crowded conditions

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28
Q

What can mild to moderate pediculosis cause

A

Pruritis and dermatitis—> scratching, rubbing and biting

Poor hair, feather and body condition

Restlessness and disruption of feeding, sleeping

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29
Q

What are severe pediculosis infestations associated with

A

Alopecia, production losses, secondary bacterial infections, anemia, death

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30
Q

What type of lice cause anemia

A

Suckling

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31
Q

T or F: lice can transmit pathogens or parasitic worms

A

True

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32
Q

How can you diagnostically differentiate between biting or suckling lice

A

Biting lice move quickly and suckling lice move slower.

Mouthparts of suckling lice can be embedded in skin

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33
Q

What are some treatment options for louse infestations

A

Insecticides or antiparasitic drugs

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34
Q

What are some examples of effective antiparasitic drugs against louse infestations

A

Ivermectin, selamectin

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35
Q

How can you prevent and control louse infestations

A

Disinfect the environment and fomites, prevent clean or recently treated animals from exposure to infested fomites, animals, environments

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36
Q

How many species are there of poultry lice

A

12

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37
Q

Are lice of poultry chewing or suckling

A

Chewing

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38
Q

T or F: pathogens can be transmitted by poultry lice

A

False

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39
Q

What can heavy infestations of poultry lice result in

A

Feather loss, lameness, reduced weight gain, decreased reproductive/laying performance, death

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40
Q

Menacanthus stramineus is a chicken body louse or shaft louse

A

Chicken body louse

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41
Q

Where are menacanthus straimineus found on host

A

Skin, especially sparsely feathered vent, breast and thigh regions

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42
Q

Are menopon gallinae chicken body louse or shaft louse

A

Shaft louse

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43
Q

Where are menopon gallinae found on host

A

Rest of feather shafts, run onto body when disturbed

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44
Q

What is predilection site for menopon gallinae

A

Breast and thighs

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45
Q

What type of lice have eggs attached individually or in clusters to base of feathers in the breast and thigh regions

A

Menopon gallinae

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46
Q

How many species of chewing and suckling louse affect dogs

A

2 chewing and 1 suckling

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47
Q

How many species of chewing louse effect cats

A

1

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48
Q

What type of lice is linognathus setosus

A

Dog sucking louse

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49
Q

What is the predilection site for linognathus setosus

A

Head, neck, shoulders, especially under collar

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50
Q

Heavy infestations of linognathus setosus can cause ___

A

Anemia, especially in younger animals

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51
Q

What type of lice is the trichodectes canis

A

Dog chewing lice

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52
Q

Where are trichodectes canis commonly found on host

A

Head, neck, tail region attached to the base of hairs

Congregates around orifices and wounds seeking moisture

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53
Q

What is trichodectes canis and intermediate host for

A

Tapeworm dipylidium caninum

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54
Q

What type of lice is Felicia subrostratus

A

Cat chewing louse

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55
Q

What is the predilection site for Felicola subrostratus

A

Face, back, pinnae

56
Q

Pediculosis of Felicolasubrostratus is generally only seen in what cats

A

Elderly or chronically ill

57
Q

How many species of sucking and chewing lice affect cattle

A

5 suckling and 1 chewing

58
Q

What type of cattle lice don’t increase in colder weather

A

Tail louse

59
Q

What are heavy cattle lice infestations associated with

A

Severe pruritis, frequent rubbing, alopecia, skin trauma, low weight gain or milk production

60
Q

What are linognathus vituli

A

Long nosed cattle louse

61
Q

Where can linognathus vituli commonly be found on host

A

Skin of head, neck, and dewlap

62
Q

What are haematopinus eurysternus

A

Short nosed cattle louse

63
Q

What is the predilection site for haematopinus eurysternus

A

Head, neck, dewlap and base of tail

64
Q

Haematopinus eurysternus are more commonly found on what type of cattle

A

Mature cattle

65
Q

Where is haematopinus eurysternus more prevalent in U.S.

A

Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions

66
Q

What is solenopotes capillatus

A

Little blue cattle louse

67
Q

What is the smallest of the suckling lice to infest cattle

A

Solenopotes capillatus

68
Q

Where are solenopotes capillatus usually found on host

A

Head, neck, shoulders, dewlap, back and tail

69
Q

What are haematopinus quadripertusus

A

Cattle tail louse

70
Q

Where are haematopinus quadripertusus commonly found in U.S.

A

Tropics and subtropics- Florida, gulf coast, Southern California

71
Q

What is the predilection site for haematopinus quadripertusus

A

Tail and perineum

72
Q

When are haematopinus quadripertusus most prevalent (seasonally)

A

Summer

73
Q

Haematopinus quadripertusus nymphs can be spread between animals by ___

A

Flies

74
Q

What host species does damalinia bovis infest

A

Cattle

75
Q

What type of louse is the damalinia bovis

A

Cattle chewing louse

76
Q

Linognathus vituli, haematopinus eurysternus, solenopotes capillatus, and haematopinus quadripertusus are examples of sucking (Anoplura) or chewing (Mallophaga) lice

A

Sucking, Anoplura

77
Q

What species of cattle louse have dark transverse bands on abdomen

A

Damalinia Bo is

78
Q

Where are damalinia Boris louse commonly found on host

A

Head, neck, shoulders, back, rump

79
Q

T or F: damalinia bovis louse are capable of parthenogenesis

A

True

80
Q

How many species of suckling and chewing lice do sheep have

A

4 suckling and 1 chewing

81
Q

How many species of suckling lice and chewing lice do goats have

A

3 suckling, 3 chewing

82
Q

Heavy louse infestations of sheep and goats result in what

A

Intense pruritis with frequent rubbing, self-excoriation, alopecia, dermatitis

83
Q

___lice may cause anemia in young sheep or goats

A

Sucking

84
Q

Louse infestations of sheep and goats increase during periods of ___weather

A

Cold

85
Q

What type of louse is damalinia ovis

A

Sheep chewing louse

86
Q

What is the predilection site for damalinia ovis

A

Back, neck and shoulders

87
Q

What does it mean when a damalinia ovis is active

A

Roams in wool all over body

88
Q

An infestation of damalinia ovis can reduce the quantity and quality of ___ produced

A

Wool

89
Q

What are linognathus ovillus

A

Sheep face louse, Anoplura (sucking)

90
Q

What is the predilection site for linognathus ovillus

A

Face

91
Q

Linognathus ovillus serves as a vector for ____

A

Mycoplasma ovis

92
Q

What is linognathus pedalis

A

Sheep foot louse, Anoplura (sucking)

93
Q

What is the predilection sire for linognathus pedalis

A

Feet, legs, and belly

94
Q

What is linognathus africanus

A

African blue louse, Anoplura (sucking) of sheep and goats

95
Q

Where is linognathus africanus commonly found in world

A

Tropical and subtropical climates

U.S. southwestern, western and southern states

96
Q

Where are linognathus africanus commonly found on host

A

Back and ribs of sheep
Body, head, neck of goats

97
Q

What is linognathus stenopsis

A

Goat sucking louse

98
Q

What type of goats does linognathus stenopsis commonly infest

A

Short haired, angora breeds

99
Q

Where are linognathus stenopsis that infest sheep commonly found

A

Hind legs and back

100
Q

Are damalinia or goats Mallophaga or Anoplura

A

Mallophaga

101
Q

What is Damilina Caprae

A

Goat biting louse

102
Q

Damalinia caprae are more common in what type of goats

A

Short haired

103
Q

How many species of sucking and chewing louse are present in horses

A

1 sucking and 1 chewing

104
Q

Heavy infestations of lice in equines can result in what

A

Severe pruritis, nervousness and irritability, kicking and stamping, rubbing, self-excoriation, alopecia

105
Q

How are lice of equids transmitted

A

Direct contact and also via contaminated grooming equipment, blankets and tack

106
Q

T or F: lice of equids can transmit pathogens

A

False

107
Q

What is damalinia equi

A

Horse chewing louse

108
Q

Where are damalinia equi commonly found on host

A

Neck, flanks, and tail base

109
Q

When are the numbers of damalinia equi greatest (seasonally)

A

Winter when coat is most dense

110
Q

___haired breeds are more prone to infestations of damalinia equi

A

Long haired

111
Q

What is haematopinus asini

A

Horse sucking louse

112
Q

What is the predilection site for haematopinus asini

A

Sites with coarse hair: forelock, mane, tail base, fetlock

113
Q

Heavy infestations of haematopinus asini can cause what

A

Anemia, loss of appetite, weight and vitality

114
Q

What is haematopinus suis

A

Hog louse

115
Q

Where are haematopinus suis commonly found on host

A

Areas of thin skin, neck, jowl, flank, inner side of legs, ears

116
Q

Heavy infestations of haematopinus suis can result in

A

Intense pruritis, dermatitis, rubbing, scratching, hair loss, restlessness, weight loss, anemia in piglets

117
Q

Haematopinus suis is a vector for ___

A

Swine pox virus

118
Q

What broad group of lice is this and how do you know

A

Anoplura- suckling lice, the head is narrow than the prothorax

119
Q

What broad group of lice is this and how do you know

A

Mallophaga- chewing lice, head is wider than prothorax

120
Q

what type of lice is this:
Found on skin, sparsely feathered vent, breast and thigh regions of poultry

And is it chewing or sucking lice

A

Mencanthus stramineus (chicken body louse)

Chewing

121
Q

What type of lice is this?
Found on Brest and thighs of poultry and rest on feather shafts.

Is it chewing or sucking

A

Menopan gallinae (shaft louse)

Chewing

122
Q

What type of lice is this?
Infests domestic dogs and other canids. Predilection site: head, neck, shoulder, especially under collar.

Is it sucking or chewing

A

Lingonathus setosus

123
Q

What type of lice is this?
Infests dogs, often found on head neck and tail.

Intermediate host for tapeworm: Dipylidium caninum

And is it chewing or sucking

A

Trichiodectes canis

Chewing

124
Q

What type of lice is this?

Infests cats, predilection for face, back and pinnae. Generally seen in elderly or chronically ill

Is it chewing or suckling

A

Felicola subrostratus

Chewing

125
Q

What type of lice is this? Found on cattle, body is extended upright while feeding

Prefers skin of head, neck and dewlap

Chewing or sucking

A

Linognathus vituli

Sucking

126
Q

What type of lice is this? Found on cattle, predilection for head, neck, dewlap and base of tail

More commonly found on mature cattle

More prevalent in Rocky Mountains and Great Plains

Sucking or chewing

A

Haematopinus eurysternus

Sucking

127
Q

What type of lice is this?

Infests cattle, smallest of sucking lice for cattle. Also called the little blue cattle louse

Chewing or sucking

A

Solenopotes capillatus

128
Q

What type of lice is this?

Found on cattle in the tropics and subtropics. Predilection for tail and perineum. Most abundant during
summer

Chewing or suckling

A

Haematopinus quadripertusus

129
Q

What type of lice is this?

Found on cattle, capable of parthenogenesis

Chewing or sucking

A

Damalinia bovis

Chewing

130
Q

what type of lice is this?

Infests sheep
Predilection for back, neck and shoulders, active

A

Damalinia ovis
Chewing

131
Q

What type of lice is this?
Infests sheep
Predilection for the face
Vector for mycoplasma ovis

Sucking or chewing

A

Linognathus ovillus
Sucking

132
Q

What type of lice is this?
Infests sheep, predilection for feet, legs and belly. Can infest goats. Can survive ~1 week off host

Chewing or sucking

A

Linognathus pedalis

Sucking

133
Q

What type of lice is this?

Infests sheep and goats
Primarily found in tropics and subtropics

Prefers back and ribs of sheep and body, neck and head of goats

Chewing or sucking

A

Linognathus Africanus

Sucking

134
Q

What type of lice is this

Infests goats, primarily short haired and angora breeds

Typically found on hind legs and back

Chewing or sucking

A

Linognathus stenopsis

Sucking

135
Q

What type of lice is this?

Infests equids
Prefers neck, flanks and tail base
Long-haired breeds more prone

Chewing or sucking

A

Damalinia equi
Chewing

136
Q

What type of lice is this

Infests horses
Predilection for sites with coarse hair

Sucking or chewing

A

Haematopinus asini

Sucking

137
Q

What type of lice is this?

Infests swine

Vector of swine pox virus
Suspected vector of African swine fever and mycoplasma ovis

Chewing or sucking

A

Haematopinus suis

Sucking

Parasitology (28 decks)

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