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Parasitology > Lecture 21: Fluke diseases > Flashcards

Lecture 21: Fluke diseases Flashcards

1
Q

All trematodes are hermaphrodites except ___

A

Blood flukes (ex: H. Americana)

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2
Q

Describe the basic life cycle of trematodes

A
  1. Eggs are released in DH feces
  2. Hatch into Miracidia
  3. Miracidia enter IH (snail)
  4. Miracidia undergo asexual reproduction in IH and turn into cercariae (infective stage)
  5. Cercariae are ingested by definitive host or penetrate skin
  6. Metaccercariae (or cercariae) develop into adult worms in DH
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3
Q

What is the infective stage called in trematodes

A

Metacercariae

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4
Q

What is the scientific name for common liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatic

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5
Q

What disease does F. Hepatica cause

A

Fascioliasis

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6
Q

Where do adult F. Hepatica worms colonize

A

Bile ducts

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7
Q

What is the intermediate host for F. Hepatica

A

Lymnaeid snails

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8
Q

Describe the life cycle of F. Hepatica

A
  1. Eggs exit feces of DH
  2. Miracidia ingested by lymnaeid snails (IH)
  3. Cercariae develop and are present on vegetation
  4. Ingested by DH
  5. Enter duodenum
  6. Travel to liver
  7. Adult worms end up in bile ducts
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9
Q

What is acute fascioliasis

A

Infection of young flukes that parasitize the liver of DH—> cause hemorrhage and inflammation

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10
Q

What are the definitive hosts of F. Hepatica

A

Herbivores- cattle, sheep, camelids

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11
Q

What definitive host for F. Hepatica is most likely to suffer severe disease

A

Sheep, can be fatal within 2-6 weeks

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12
Q

Sheep liver that shoes hemorrhage and inflammation, what trematode most likely caused this

A

F. Hepatica

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13
Q

what trematode is this? Commonly causes liver damage in sheep and cattle. Intermediate host is lymnaeid snails

A

F. Hepatica

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14
Q

What is chronic fascioliasis

A

Moderate infection over time that is characterized by presence of adult flukes in bile duct

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15
Q

What clinical symptom is typical of chronic fascioliasis

A

Bottle jaw

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16
Q

What fecal dx method is used for F. Hepatica

A

Fecal sedimentation

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17
Q

What drugs tx F. Hepatica

A

Clorsulon, ivermectin, albendazole

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18
Q

What trematode is this? Commonly infects sheep and cattle. Results in bottle jaw

A

F. Hepatica egg

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19
Q

What species does Paragonimus kellicotti infect and where is the infection

A

Lungs of cats and dogs

20
Q

How do cats and dogs become infected with P. Kellicotti

A

Eating infected crayfish or eating animals that ate the crayfish

21
Q

What is the preferred 1st intermediate host of P. Kellicotti

A

Slender walker snails

22
Q

What is the preferred 2nd intermediate host for P. Kellicotti

23
Q

What does P. Kellicotti cause/clinical signs

A

Pleuritis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, cough, dyspnea

24
Q

The following X-ray and fecal sample were observed in a dog that recently ate a crayfish. Dog is experiencing respiratory issues. what parasite is the dog infected with

A

P. Kellicotti

25
Q

How do you diagnose P. Kellicotti

A
  1. Fecal sedimentation
  2. Tracheal wash
  3. Pleural biopsy
  4. Chest rads
26
Q

What is the tx for P. Kellicotti

A

Praziquantel and fenbendazole

27
Q

What trematode egg is this? Dog/cat presented with respiratory signs

A

P. Kellicotti

28
Q

Where do adult worms of Dicrocoelium dendritium live in DH

A

Pancreatic duct, bile duct, and gallbladder

29
Q

What are the DH of dicrocoelium dendritium

A

Domestic ruminants

30
Q

How do animals become infected with D. Dendritium

A

Eating ants encysted with metacercariae

31
Q

What is the preferred 1st intermediate host of D. Dendriticum

A
  1. Terrestrial snails
32
Q

What is the preferred 2nd intermediate host of D. Dendriticum

33
Q

Sheep presents with hepatic cirrhosis, decreased wool production, decreased lactation. (Also likes to eat ants) what parasite is the sheep infected with

A

D. Dendriticum

34
Q

How can you dx D. Dendriticum

A

Fecal float

35
Q

What is the treatment for D. Dendriticum (cattle and small ruminants vs llamas and alpacas)

A

Cattle and SR: albendazole and netobimin

Llamas and alpacas: praziquantel

36
Q

What fluke family is known to penetrate skin of DH

A

Schistosomatidae

37
Q

At what life stage do schistosomatidae flukes penetrate the skin

A

Cercariae (no metacercarial stage)

38
Q

How does Heterobilharzia Americana infect host

A

Penetrate the skin

39
Q

Where do the adults of H. Americana live

A

Mesenteric veins

40
Q

What is the main reservoir and other reservoirs for H. Americana

A

Main reservoir: raccoons
Other: dogs, cats

41
Q

What species shows the most clinical signs with infection of H. Americana

A

Dogs—> canine schistosomiasis

42
Q

What is the intermediate host for H. Americana

A

Lymnaeid snails

43
Q

How do dogs become infected with H. Americana

A

Infected lakes/streams

44
Q

Dog presented with lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, hyporexia, anorexia, hypercalemia, PU/PD. Owner lives near a stream. The following image what obtained. What parasite is this

A

H. Americana

45
Q

How do you dx H. Americana

A
  1. Fecal sedimentation or biopsy samples
  2. Abdominal rads- thickening of intestinal walls
46
Q

What is the tx for H. Americana

A

Praziquantel and fenbendazole

47
Q

what parasite causes canine schistosomiasis

A

H. Americana

Parasitology (28 decks)

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