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Parasitology > Lecture 1: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction to Veterinary Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

How do taxonomists classify organisms into groups

A

Based on characteristics/characters that group members share in common

Characters: morphological, physiological, molecular, behavioral

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2
Q

What is the scutum

A

Dorsal plate (back)

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3
Q

How do you differentiate between ornate and inornate

A

Coloration/markings are present in ornate but not in inomate

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4
Q

Classifying the following as ornate, inornate and then long vs short palps

A

Both: ornate
Left: long palps
Right: short palps

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5
Q

Identify the following as ornate or inornate and then long vs short palps

A

Both: inornate
Left: long palps
Right: short palps

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6
Q

What does symbiosis mean

A

Living together

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7
Q

What is a mutualism symbiosis

A

Both the Protozoa and host benefit

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8
Q

Provide an example of mutualism

A

Gut flagellate and termite

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9
Q

What is a commensal symbiosis

A

Protozoa benefits and the host is neither harmed or helped

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10
Q

Provide an example of commensalism

A

Entamoeba coli and monkey

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11
Q

What is the parasitic symbiosis

A

Protozoan benefits and host is harmed

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12
Q

Provide an example of parasitism

A

E. Histolytica and monkey

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13
Q

How do we differentiate commensal vs parasitic amoebae histologically

A

Commensal amoebae mature cyst contain 8 nuclei (octonucleate)

Parasitic amoebae mature cyst contain 4 nuclei (quadrinucleate)

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14
Q

What are the three traditional groups of parasites

A
  1. Parasitic Protozoa
  2. Helminths/ parasitic worms
  3. Parasitic arthropods
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15
Q

Name 3 common parasitic worms/helminths

A
  1. Nematodes
  2. Tapeworms
  3. Flukes
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16
Q

Which type of parasites infest the skin, hair, and feathers

A

Ectoparasites

17
Q

Provide some examples of ectoparasites

A

Ticks and lice

18
Q

What type of parasites infect the internal organs and tissues

A

Endoparasites

19
Q

Provide some examples of endoparasites

A

Tapeworms and hookworms

20
Q

Equine blood worm (strongylus vulgaris) exhibit a change in predilection site. Where are they located as fourth stage larvae vs as adult worms

A

Fourth stage larvae: in wall of cranial mesenteric artery

Adult worms: attach to mucosa of equine colon and cecum

21
Q

What are some adaptations parasites have for feeding

A

Piercing/sucking mouthparts
Hooks, suckers, spines and other holdfast organs

22
Q

Parasites release ___ and ____ during hematophagy during feeding

A

Anticoagulants and vasodilators

23
Q

Tapeworms and hook worms don’t have mouths or guts so how do they absorb nutrients

A

Across parasites outer surface

24
Q

What mechanisms do parasites use to deter hosts

A

Acid and enzyme resistant eggs, cysts, larval stages, avoid immune response, counter immune response

25
Q

How do parasites avoid immune response

A

Antigenic variation, intracellular habitat, encystment within the host

26
Q

How do parasites counter immune response

A

Immunomodulation, kill immune cells, cleave antibodies

27
Q

What adaptations do parasites have to ensure successful reproduction and transmission

A

High reproductive potential, environmentally resistant eggs and cysts, host seeking behavior, altering host behavior

28
Q

What are some methods of ensuring high reproductive potential in parasites

A

Asexual reproduction, hermaphroditism, high output of eggs, cysts

29
Q

What are two examples of host seeking behavior

A
  1. Questing tick
  2. Canine hookworm larvae remain close to surface level in soil to increase chances of encountering a host
30
Q

Provide a common example of a parasite that alters host behavior

A

Taenia multiceps (tapeworm) migrates to brain in sheep resulting in gid (ataxia/circling) making sheep easy prey for canids and facilitating transmission

31
Q

What are some examples of parasites modes of transmission

A
  1. Ingestion of eggs, cysts, larvae in food/water
  2. Direct contact between hosts
  3. Transplacental; transmammary
  4. Penetration of skin or mucous membranes
  5. Vector transmission
32
Q

Zoonosis

A

Infectious disease of non-human animals transmitted to humans

33
Q

How can you determine male vs female in ticks

A

Look at scutum:
Male have scutum that covers majority of dorsal aspect
Female: covers only a piece of dorsal aspect

34
Q

What type of tick is this and which is male and which is female

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Left: male
Right: female

35
Q

What type of tick is this and which is male vs female

A

Amblyomma Americanium
Left: male
Right: female

Parasitology (28 decks)

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