Lecture 14: Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis Flashcards
Describe the cell shape of trypanosoma spp.
Elongated, spindle shaped cell, single nucleus, posterior flagellum, copious DNA called kinetoplast
What are the routes of transmission for Trypanosomes
- Insect vectored
- Latrogenic
- Transplacental
What is the vector for T. Brucei and T. Congolese
Tsetse flies (glossina spp)
What disease do tsetse flies commonly spread
Nagana disease
What is nagana disease
Fatal disease caused by infection with T. Brucei, T. Congolese and T. Vivax
What is the reservoir host for nagana disease
Wild ruminants
T or F: nagana disease is only mildly pathogenic in reservoir species, wild ruminants
True, fatal in definitive host
What are the causative agents for Nagana disease
T. Brucei, T. Conlogenese, T. Vivax
What species are commonly affected by Tsetse transmitted trypanosomes
Domestic ruminants, equids, pigs, dogs and cats
What does the acute disease stage of nagana disease look like in cattle
High parasitemia with extensive hemorrhages of mucosa and serosal surfaces of the body
What does the chronic disease stage of nagana look like in cattle
Cattle become anemic and emaciated
What is the vector for T. Viviax
Tabanid flies
What is the reservoir host for T. Vivax
Deer
What species does T. Vivax cause disease in
Horses, cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats
What is the causative agent for Surra disease
T. Evansi
What is the vector for tyrpanosoma Evansi
Tabanid flies (horseflies) and vampire bats
What does trypansoma evansi cause in domestic animals
Surra disease
What are some clinical signs of Surra disease in horses
Fever, weight loss, atrophy, lethargy, anemia, dilation of LN and spleen, postural edema, potentially fatal
How is spread trypanosoma equiperdum
Sexually transmitted
What does trypanosoma equiperdium cause and what species is affected
Dourine in horses
What are the clinical signs of acute stage dourine in horses
- Swelling of genitalia
- Mucoid discharge at vulva
- Edematous patches on skin
What are some signs of chromic stage dourine in horses
Emanciation, paresis, intermittent fever, and death
T or F: all spp of trpanosomiasis are morphologically indistinguishable
True
How do you diagnose trypanosomiasis
- Direct visualization in Giemsa stained blood smear
- Serological tests- IFA and ELISA