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Parasitology > Lecture 17: Cryptosporidiosis and Coccidian diseases > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Cryptosporidiosis and Coccidian diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Eimeria, cystioisospora, toxoplasma, neospora, and sacrocystis are all types of ___

A

Coccidia

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2
Q

Coccidians and cryptosporidium infect cells of ____

A

GI and extra intestinal sites

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3
Q

What are the two life stages of coccidia and cryptosporidium

A

Zoie and oocyst

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4
Q

What is the Zoite life stage

A

Elongated, motile cells
Invade host cell

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5
Q

What is the oocyst life cycle stage

A

Environmentally resistant stage, shed in feces

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6
Q

Oocysts contain infective ___ typically located within ____

A

Sporozoites, sporocysts

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7
Q

T or F: most cryptosporidium are host specific

A

True

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8
Q

What is the host for cryptosporidium cuniculus

A

Rabbits

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9
Q

What species of cryptosporidium is the exception to host specificity and infects ruminants, horses and humans

A

C. Parvum

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10
Q

How is cryptosporidium transmitted

A

Ingested or inhaled

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11
Q

Describe the direct life cycle of cryptosporidium

A
  1. Oocyst ingested/inhaled
  2. Sporozoites excyst
  3. Infect host cells
  4. Develop into meronts
  5. Schizogeny
  6. Gametogeny
  7. Fertilization
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12
Q

What is schizogeny

A
  1. Meronts divide into type I meront
  2. Type I meronts form merozoites
    3, merozoites infect host cells
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13
Q

What is gametogeny

A

Subset of merozoites infect host cells and develop into gamonts—> gametes

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14
Q

Describe fertilization in the enteric cycle

A
  1. Zygotes develop into oocysts
  2. Sporogeny- oocysts sporulate endogenously
  3. Thin walled oocysts- Sporozoites excyst and reinfect host (auto-infection)
  4. Thick walled oocysts: exit host, infective when shed, via bale for months
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15
Q

Do cryptosporidium have endogenous or exogenous sporogeny

A

Endogenous

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16
Q

How does auto-infection occur in cryptosporidium

A

Thin walled oocysts become Sporozoites and reinfect host

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17
Q

What are the two broad types/diseases that cryptosporidium can cause

A
  1. GI
  2. Respiratory
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18
Q

T or F: most hosts with GI cryptosporidosis have mild to moderate, self limiting diarrhea

A

True

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19
Q

The severe form that is potentially fatal for GI cryptosporidosis is common in….

A

Immunocomprimised hosts or animals with concurrent infections

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20
Q

what two species of cryptosporidium typically cause GI cryptosporidosis

A

C. Parvum and C. Baileyi

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21
Q

What is the causative agent/species of GI cryptosporidosis for ruminants and horses

A

C. Parvum

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22
Q

What is the causative agent/species for of GI cryptosporidosis in poultry

A

C. Baileyi

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23
Q

What species is respiratory cryptosporidosis commonly seen in

A

Avian

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24
Q

What is the causative agent of respiratory cryptosporidosis in birds

A

C. Baileyi

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25
Q

How do you diagnose cryptosporidosis

A

Microscopy (acid fast stain), ELISA, PCR

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26
Q

What stain is preferred for cryptosporidosis

A

Acid-fast

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27
Q

What is the treat for cryptosporidosis in dogs and cats

A

Paromomycin

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28
Q

What is the treatment for cryptosporidosis in calves

A

Nitazoxanide

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29
Q

T or F: eimeria spp have narrow host specificity

A

True

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30
Q

What species does eimeria have the largest impact on

A

Ruminants and poultry

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31
Q

Where do eimeria species infect

A

GI tract: enterocytes and/or cells within the lamina propria

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32
Q

What is the predilection site for E. Tenella

A

Cecum

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33
Q

What type of lifecycle do eimeria have

A

Direct life cycle

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34
Q

How is eimeria transmitted

A

Fecal-oral transmission

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35
Q

T or F: eimeria have an enteric cycle

A

True

Enteric life cycle: schizogeny, gametogeny, fertilization, oocyst production

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36
Q

Do eimeria sporulate endogenously or exogenously

A

Exogenously

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37
Q

What is damaged by eimeria induced coccidiosis that causes mild to moderate disease

A

Epithelium

38
Q

What is damaged by eimeria induced coccidiosis that causes severe disease

A

Damage to epithelium and tissues within lamina propria

39
Q

What is the eimeria or cattle

A

E. Bovis and E. Zuernii

40
Q

What does E. Bovis and E. Zuernii cause in cattle

A

Bloody stools and tenesmus in calves

41
Q

What is winter coccidosis for E. Bovis

A

Severe cold provokes disease even at low infection levels

42
Q

What is nervous coccidiosis in E. Bovis

A

Enteritis and neurological disturbances, mainly seen in coldest months

43
Q

T or F: sheep and goats are hosts for many of the same eimeria species

A

False, high host specificity

44
Q

What is the eimeria spp. that infects poultry

A

E. Tenella

45
Q

What is the preferred fecal test for diagnosing eimeria

A

Fecal float

46
Q

What is the preferred anticoccidal drug for cattle, small ruminants and poultry against eimeria induced coccidiosis

A

amprolium

47
Q

T or F: cystsospora have high host specificity

A

True

48
Q

Where do cystoispora primarily infect

A

GI tract, infect enterocytes

49
Q

What type of lifecycle do cystoisospora have

A

Direct

50
Q

What types of transmission does cystoispora have

A

Fecal-oral transmission and paratenic hosts

51
Q

What are the common paratenic host for cystoisospora

A

Rodents

52
Q

How does the paratenic host infect the definitive host

A

Paratenic host ingest oocyst and Sporozoites encyst and form tissue cysts which are infective to definitive host

53
Q

T or F: cystoispora have an enteric cycle

A

True

54
Q

Does sporulation take place exogenously or endogenously in cystoisospora

A

Exogenously

55
Q

What is the species/causative agent of cystoisospora coccidiosis in swine

A

C. Suis

56
Q

What pigs are commonly infected with C. Suis

A

Neonates

57
Q

What is the species/causative agent of cystoisospora coccidiosis in dogs

A

C. Canis

58
Q

What is the species/causative agent of cystoisospora in cats

A

C. Felis and C. Rivolta

59
Q

What is the definitive host for toxoplasma gondii

A

Felids

60
Q

How are cats infected with toxoplasma gondii

A

Eating tissue cysts harbored in infected intermediate hosts

61
Q

T or F toxoplasma gondii has an enteric cycle

A

True

62
Q

Do oocysts sporulate exogenously or endogenously in toxoplasma gondii

A

Exogenously

63
Q

Describe the extra-enteric cycle of toxoplasma gondii that occurs in intermediate hosts

A

Tachyzoites develop and rupture out of SI and mesenteric lymph node cells

Tachyzoites then infect cells throughout body

Cause acute toxoplasmosis and can infect placenta and fetus

64
Q

Tachyzoites form ___ containing ____ in CNS, muscle and visceral organs

A

Tissue cysts, bradyzoites

65
Q

T or F: bradyzoites only infect intermediate host.

A

False, bradyzoites are infective to intermittent and definitive host (felids)

66
Q

What phase causes chronic toxoplasmosis

A

Tissue cyst phase

67
Q

Which host (intermediate or definitive) dose acute toxoplasmosis occur in

A

Intermediate

68
Q

Which host (intermediate or definitive) does chronic toxoplasmosis occur in

A

Both

69
Q

What species does toxoplasmosis commonly cause abortion and stillbirth

A

Small ruminants- sheep and goats

70
Q

T or F: treatment of toxoplasmosis eliminates bradyzoites in tissue cysts (chronic toxoplasmosis)

A

False

71
Q

What is the definitive host for neospora caninum

A

Dogs

72
Q

How is neospora caninum transmitted

A

Ingestion of tissue cysts harbored by intermediate host

73
Q

Does neospora caninum have endogenous or exogenous sporulation

A

Exogenous

74
Q

Describe the extra enteric cycle of neospora caninum

A

Tissue cysts embed primarily in CNS and muscle causing a life long infection

75
Q

T or F: neospora caninum can be transmitted placentally

A

True

76
Q

What is the intermediate host for neospora caninum

A

Cattle

77
Q

Describe the symptoms experienced by puppies with neosporosis

A

Hindlimb paresis with hyperextension, muscle atrophy, cervical weakness and dysphasia

(Subclinical typically)

78
Q

What are some symptoms experienced by adult dogs with neosporosis

A

Multifocal CNS and polymyositis, myocarditis, dermatitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, peritonitis, in continence

79
Q

What species does neosporosis cause abortion in

A

Cattle

80
Q

Cattle with neosporosis that give birth often have fetuses that are ____

A

Autolyzed, mummified, still born

81
Q

What species of neosporosis do horses get

A

N. Hughesi

82
Q

What does N. Hughesi cause in horses

A

Equine Protozoa myeloencephalitis- spinal cord and brain lesions

83
Q

T or F: sarcocystis have broad host specificity

A

False, very strict

84
Q

What is the one species of sarcocystic that has various intermediate hosts and therefore not highly host specific

A

S. Neurona

85
Q

What is the definitive host for sarcocystis

A

Carnivorous and omnivorous mammals, birds and reptiles

86
Q

How is sarcocystis transmitted

A

Ingestion of tissue cysts (sarcocysts) in striated muscle of infected intermediate hosts

87
Q

What species of sarcocystis infect cattle

A

S. Cruzi

88
Q

What is the definitive host for S. Cruzi

A

Dogs

89
Q

What species of sarcocystis infect sheep

A

S. Tenella

90
Q

What is the definitive host of S. Tenella

A

Dogs

Parasitology (28 decks)

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