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Parasitology > Lecture 18: Piroplasmosis and Haemosporidosis > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Piroplasmosis and Haemosporidosis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of parasites are piroplasmids

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

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2
Q

What life cycles do piroplasmids have

A

Indirect

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3
Q

What is the definitive host/vector for piroplasmids

A

Ticks

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4
Q

What is the intermediate host for piroplasmids

A

Mammals, birds

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5
Q

What life cycle stages take place on the tick

A

Gametogeny, fertilization and sporogeny

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6
Q

Where do Sporozoites develop and tick and how are they transmitted to host

A

Develop in tick salivary glands and are injected into vertebrate host

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7
Q

What life cycle stage takes place on the vertebrate intermediate host for piroplasmids

A

Schizogeny

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8
Q

Where does multiplication occur for babesia

A

RBCs

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9
Q

Where does multiplication occur for theileria and cytauxzoon

A

Exoerythrocytic multiplication in leukocytes followed by multiplication in RBC’s

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10
Q

What are piroplasmids

A

Intraerythrocytic stages

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11
Q

T or F: transovarial transmission can occur with Babesia

A

Trueo

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12
Q

Describe the erythrocytic cycle (babesia)

A
  1. Sporozoites infect RBC
  2. Piroplasmids divide within RBCs
  3. Merozoites form, lyse RBC and go infect new RBC
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13
Q

What are the two species of canine babesiosis

A

B. Canis and B. Gibsoni

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14
Q

What is the main vector for B. Canis

A

Rhipicephalus sangineus

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15
Q

How is B. Gibsoni transmitted

A

Via infected blood (dogfights)

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16
Q

What are some symptoms for canine babesiosis

A

Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, can be fatal

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17
Q

Order the pathogenicity of species of canine babesia

A

B. Conradae»B. Gibsoni>.B. Canis

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18
Q

T or F: recovered animals, treated or untreated can still be carriers of canine babesia

A

True

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19
Q

What are the two species of bovine babesiosis

A

B. Bigemina and B. Bovis

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20
Q

What is the vector for B. Bigemina and B. Bovis

A

Rhipicephalus

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21
Q

Which species of bovine babesiosis is more pathogenic

A

b. Bovis

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22
Q

T or F: cows are still carriers of babesiosis regardless of treatment

A

True

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23
Q

What is the best way to identify and diagnose babesia

A

ID of piroplasms in blood smears

(Parasitemia often low in chronic babesiosis or asymptomatic)

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24
Q

What mammals are mainly parasitized by Theileria

A

Ruminants

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25
Q

T or F: transovarial transmission occurs with Theileria

A

False

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26
Q

Describe the exoerythrocytic phase

A
  1. Sporozoites infect WBC
  2. Schizonts divide within WBCs
  3. Merozoites form, lyse WBC and are released to infect RBC and develop into piroplasms
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27
Q

What species of Theileria destroys leukocytes and in what animal species does this occur

A

T. Parva in cattle

28
Q

What species of Theileria destroys RBC and in what species does this occur

A

T. Equi in horses

29
Q

What species of Theileria destroys both WBC and RBC and in what species does this occur

A

T. Annulata in cattle

30
Q

T or F: horses infected with T. Equi remain carriers

31
Q

What are the vectors for t. Equi

A

Dermacentor variablis and amblyomma mixtum

32
Q

Transplacental transmission of T equi can result in what 3 potential outcomes

A
  1. Abortion
  2. Neonatal piroplasmosis
  3. Healthy foal carriers
33
Q

What species of theileria is lymphoproliferative

A

T. Annulata

34
Q

What is the best way to ID/diagnose lymphproliferative Theileria

A

ID schizonts in blood or lymph node aspirate smears or tissue smears

35
Q

For all forms of theileria what is another good way to ID/diagnose theileria

A

ID of piroplasms in blood smears

36
Q

What wild felids are commonly infected with Cytauxzoon felis

A

Bobcat, cougar

37
Q

What is the main vector for Cutauxzoon felis

A

Amblyomma americanum

38
Q

Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle of Cytauxzoon felis in cats

A

Macrophages get enlarged via schizonts and occlude vasculature, can cause parasitic thrombi

39
Q

How do you diagnose Cytauxzoonosis

A
  1. ID of schizonts in blood or lymph node aspirates or tissue smears
  2. Observe piroplasms in blood smear
40
Q

What type of parasites are haemosporids

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

41
Q

What type of life cycles for haemosporids have

42
Q

What is the definitive host for haemosporids

A

Biting flies

43
Q

What is the intermediate host for heaemosporids

44
Q

What life cycle stages occur in the flies (definitive host) for haemosporids

A
  1. Gametogeny
  2. Fertilization
  3. Sporogeny
45
Q

What life cycle stages take place in the vertebrate intermediate host for haemosporids

A

Schizogeny

46
Q

Describe the erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium

A

Multiplication in RBCs; gameotocytes also form in RBC

47
Q

Describe the erythrocytic life cycle of leucocytozoon

A

No multiplication, only gametocytes form in RBC and mono nuclear leukocytes

48
Q

Describe the erythrocytic cycle of haemoproteus

A

No multiplication, only gametocytes form in RBC

49
Q

What is the vector for plasmodium

A

Mosquitoes

50
Q

Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle for plasmodium

A

Infect hepatocytes of mammals, macrophages and vascular endothelial cells of birds and reptiles

Host cells lyse, merozoites infect RBC and become trophozoites

51
Q

Describe the exoerythrocytic phase in avian malaria

A

Endothelial schizonts may occlude capillaries result in ischemia

52
Q

What are the two species of avian malara

A

P. Gallinaeum and P relictum

53
Q

What species does P gallinaceum effect

54
Q

P. Relictum causes severe disease with high mortality in what species

A

Captive penguins

55
Q

What are the vectors for leucocytozoon

A

Black flies and midges

56
Q

What are the two species of leucocytzoon effect birds

A
  1. L. Simondi
  2. L smithi
57
Q

What species does L simondi infect

A

Domestic and wild ducks and geese

58
Q

T or F: species infected with L simondi remain carriers

59
Q

What species does L smithi infect

A

Domestic and wild turkeys

60
Q

T or F: species infected with L. Smithi remain carriers

61
Q

What are the main vectors for haemoproteus

A

Midges, ked or louse flies, Tabanid flies

62
Q

What are the main species infected with haemoproteus

A

Avian and reptiles

63
Q

Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle of haemoproteus in birds

A

Infect vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, also infect striated muscle fibers

64
Q

Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle of haemoproteus in reptiles

A

Infect macrophages

65
Q

What are the species of avian haemoproteusis

A

H. Lophortyx and H. Maelaegridis

66
Q

What species does H, lophortyx impact

A

New world quail

67
Q

What species does H. Melaegridis infect

A

Domestic and wild turkeys

Parasitology (28 decks)

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