Lecture 6 Flashcards
what does changing the temporal structure of a note cause?
change in the neural response and perceptual experience
what is the power spectra?
indicates relative magnitude of freq components that combine to make up signal
what does reversing attack and decay show?
shows how important timbre is- playing the same note doesnt mean it’s going to sound the same
how do major and minor chords differ?
- associated neural processing
- affective experience they generate
why do major and minor chords differ?
relatively small change in raw info/data available
what differences does a minor chord have from a major chord?
- minor has 2 out of 3 same notes but there is a difference in the half-step for the third notes
what does shifting a single note do?
one half step can cause it to sound like you have stepped out of key
what does the power spectra fail to convey?
fails to convey any info about temporal changes in harmonic amplitude which is crucial to timbre
what was Schutz and Vaisberg interested in?
determining the amount of amplitude variation found in temporal structures of auditory stimuli using systematic review
what were the 3 classifications of stimuli in the Schutz study?
flat (lacking temporal variation)
percussive (decaying notes)
other (sustained notes with no decay)
what was the results from the Schutz and Vaisberg study?
35% of studies reported no info about temporal structure of stimuli whatsoever
- went into exhaustive detail about other aspects
what was discovered about 4 yr old when they played instruments together?
more spontaneous acts of helping each other
- active condition
what was discovered about infants that bounced in time with music show?
more prosocial helping behavior than those who weren’t in sync
what happens to newborns when a strong beat “skips a beat”?
larger mismatch response (MMR, using EEG)
compared to weaker beat that suggests they begin modelling some aspects of temporal dynamic from early age
- form of error signal
when do aspects of neural response to music happen?
adult responses start at 8 or 9 yrs old
joint action
involves cooperation with at least one other person to achieve some goal often requiring some high degree of temporal spatial coordination
- involves joint attention
what was the Novembre, Mitsopoulos, Keller study?
pairs of participants perform a joint-music making task involving rotating handles on music boxes
what was the construct measured called in joint action experiment?
empathetic perspective taking
what was the outcome of the joint action experiment?
high EPT followers able to model/predict what their partner did
- empathetic perspective taking promotes interpersonal coordination by enhancing accuracy in predicting others behavior
what do motor simulations do?
represent actions by the same motor structures involved in reproduction of actions
when do motor representations get activated?
when perceiving rhythm
what was the Novembre, Ticini, Schutz-Bosbach and Keller study?
people played half of duet with right hand
- whether or not left hand part of duet was manipulated it needed to adapt
what was used to stimulate the right hemisphere?
TMS
- contralateral wiring
what was the result of the TMS experiment?
TMS-based manipulation negatively impacted what was being played with the right hand for the group that had learned the left-hand part
- group which learned the left hand part of piece were drawing on representation within motor systme to guide behavior for the right-hand controlled piece
what are motor based representations important for?
internalized musical representations that guide behavior
what does the TMS study discuss?
co-representations of observed and executed actions is important for rhythmic cooperation
what was the Fairhurst, Janata and Keller study?
manipulated whether virtual partner in rhythm-based tapping task was cooperative or difficult
what did the tapping experiment find?
activity in premotor cortex increased in cooperative condition
