Lecture 27 Flashcards
what occurs with acquired amusia?
there is high degree of heterogeneity
where the damage located in the brain in acquired amusia?
great severity in right hemisphere
Sihvonen tested stroke patients damage to the brain…what parts of the brain were damaged?
- right STG
- MTG
- insula
- putamen
what occurred to the gray and white matter in the Sihvonen that studied stroke patients?
- gray matter decreased in right STG and right MTG
- white matter decreases in right MTG
gray matter decreasing in the right temporal area causes what kind of damage?
- posterior damage = pitch-based deficits
- anterior = beat finding disorder
was gray matter volume changes in one area of the brain?
no -> widespread areas of the right cortex
where are white matter abnormalities found?
various regions -> corpus callosum too
acquired amusia shows damage in what areas?
- damage extended beyond auditory regions and higher-level cognition
along with amusia what other impairment appears?
language
- worse performance on verbal expression/comprehension tests
acquired amusia is associated with deficits related to _________ ________
visuospatial processing
t or f: deficits are found in other domains other than visuospatial processing
true
- working memory
- verbal learning
- attention
- executive functioning
what do amusics not seek out?
do not seek out music for recreational purposes
what is musical anhedonia?
lack of pleasure derived from listening to music
is there an association or dissociation between the ability to perceive music and the ability to experience pleasure in response to music?
dissociation
what can musical anhedonia co-occur with?
depression
what kind of problem occur did case study IR acquire?
- cerebral aneurysm
IR lost the ability to perceive slight variations in pitch but continued to listen and dance, what did this indicate?
apparent dissociation between pitch perception and potential reward related to musical experiences
- social setting/shared activities = rewarding
Hirel et al. study about the stroke patient having acquired amusia showed what results?
- able to perceive emotional content in diff domains
- worse than controls at identifying the intensity of emotion within musical pieces
- loss of emotional engagement and interest with music
-> proves the disconnection b/w perception and experience of emotion
what area of the brain show reduced levels of activity in musical anhedonia?
nucleus accumbens
what does the nucleus accumbens do and what task is associated with it?
- reward
- gambling task -> more investment if you know you are going to walk away with earnings
where does functional connectivity decrease in people with musical anhedonia?
right auditory cortex and ventral stream
what happens to connectivity between the right auditory cortex and ventral stream in people with above avg responses to music?
connectivity is enhanced
the connection between the auditory areas and subcortical structures is associated with what kind of activity?
reward-network-relevant activity in response to musical activity
what is amusia an example of?
perception without awareness
the abnormalities found in the brain for amusia are found in what areas?
recurrent/re-entrant/feedback processing between sensory modules and higher order frontal areas
abnormalities in recurrent/re-entrant/feedback processing can explain what other disorders?
developmental dyslexia
congenital prosopagnosia
what does developmental dyslexia affect?
accuracy and fluidity of reading
phonetic representations are processed in what area of the brain?
left STG
- connectivity between STG and IFG -> prevents conscious access to representations
what is congenital prosopagnosia?
deficit related to facial recognition
- right FFA relatively normal responses but there is a reduction in white matter connecting FFA to frontal/temporal regions
what was the commonality did Royal, Paquette and Tranchant find b/w dyslexia, prosopagnosia and amusia?
breakdown in communication pathways b/w core sensory area and higher-order regions that are required for the conscious detection of subtle perceptual differences
what did Vuvan et al. find about deficits in amusia patients?
amusia patients have deficits more in domain-general acoustic deficit applying to both musical and non-musical representations
- double dissociation
- amusia may be more heterogenous
Costanzo et al. used what to improve reading behavior in dyslexia patients?
tDCS
what did Schaal et al use to improve pitch memory in amusics?
tACS
