Lecture 20 Flashcards
define musical imagery
perceptual and cognitive processes that represent musical information without direct auditory stimulation
what does tempos and delays between notes correspond to in the brain
temporal structure for the actual stimuli being represented
what does imagining a pitch or timbre before presentation do
it speeds up relevant responses when the properties of the imagined and actual stimuli are aligned
true or false -> similarities between perceived and imagined tones are a function of physiological responses
false - of behavioral responses
which ear is where most people report localizing musical imager to
right ear
describe the right ear advantage and why is this
stimuli presented to the right ear is heard more accurately
-> this might be because language is lateralized in the left hemisphere
what are the three neurological similarities in musical imagery
- note is expected but not presented -> emitted potentials -> resemble sensory evoked potentials
- people with lots of musical training -> reading music notes lead to ERPs identical to those that occur when actually listening to that actual musical score
- mismatch negativity occurs for both perceived and imagined stimuli
what are the neurological differences in alpha levels
imagine a melody results in more high band synchronized alpha
-> imagine complex tones -> alpha levels increased
which ERP is involved in the neurological differences in musical imagery and what happens
N1
-> better musical imagery -> reduced amplitude of N1 after first imagining than hearing
what did neisser say about the predictive model of involuntary musical imagery
direct perception simply takes over when perception provides no direct stimulation
describe what happens when there is anticipated silence between tracks of an album
mental imagery of the upcoming song corresponds to similar patterns of activity in the PFC and motor areas
what happens when participants are presented with a familiar piece with silent gaps
they often fill in the missing part on their own -> similar activity in auditory cortex during direct perception
_______________ involve musical imagery that lacks control
musical hallucinations
what is the difference between us and earworms when it comes to musical hallucinations
we typically perceive musical hallucinations as originating from direct perception
what are some factors that can cause musical hallucinations
brain injury, epilepsy, drugs and schizophrenia
which parts of the brain has activity with hallucinations been reported
superior temporal gyrus, right temporal lobe and superior temporal sulcus
what is the most common psychiatric condition associated with musical hallucinations
schizophrenia
what are the characteristics of schizophrenia, in relation to musical hallucinations
-> more obsessive
-> what is originally perceived is actually coming from somewhere from the individual’s environment -> becomes accepted as part of self
________ is defined when stimuli in one sensory modality trigger sensations in another modality
synaesthesia
define color-grapheme synaesthesia
people with this automatically perceive numbers as being colored in specific ways
give an example of what happens in people with color grapheme synaesthesia
2 always look purple even though it is printed in black
what one of the case studies involving the relationships between synaesthesia and musical imagery
composer Jean Sibelius said he heard different musical chords when he sees different colors
what do explanatory theories reference about synaesthesia
there are abnormal patterns of activation, disinhibition or cross wiring between sensory areas
________ involves the perception of colors triggered by sounds
tone color synaesthesia
_____ are stimuli that trigger musical perceptions
inducers
what are the 4 categories of inducers
compositional style, timbre, tonality and pitch
what are concurrents
colors, shapes, spatial layouts and textures
describe the case study about tone color synaesthesia (results and set up)
-> participants looked at blocks of color while listening to heavy metal
-> perceived unpleasant color combos when hearing music they did not like
-> perceived light colors when there are higher pitches and perceived dark colors when there are lower pitches
in the case study: tone color synaesthesia - specific colors that were perceived were influenced by ….
instrumentation and timbre
