Lecture 22 Flashcards
music in a familiar style is found to be both ______ and _____
easier to process and more preferred
true or false - people tend to prefer music from a variety of cultures
false - they tend to prefer music from their own culture
define enculturation
gradual acquisition of the norms of a culture or group by a person or another culture
what is one advantage of enculturation
we tend to get better at processing music from cultural traditions we are exposed to
what are the two processes that lead to neural plasticity
experience expectant and dependent processes
what is an example of experience expectant processes
learning any language we are exposed to
what is an example of experience dependent processes
when we learn ti perceive or reproduce sounds of speech from a language
by the age of __ , there are as many as 50% more synapses in a brain region, compared to _____
2 ; adulthood
how does our experiences in life influence neural pruning
they are understood to play a significant role in determining the exact layout that these connections will take
how many synapses are there in the cerebral cortex
10^14
what are some of the factors Kolb and Gibb suggested that influence neural pruning
sensory/motor experiences, gonadal hormones, relationships, stress, diet, psychoactive drugs
beyond pruning, ______, _______ and ______ play a role in fine tuning the brain
creation of new synapses, neurogenesis and strengthening/weakening of synapses
true or false - engaging in the same action once or twice strengthens neural connection
false - repeatedly engaging in it helps strengthen the connection
along with practicing strengthening the neural connection, what else is important
myelination
explain the quote “ the brain places restrictions on itself such that what is learned limits what can be learned”
-> reduction in flexibility
-> as we internalize musical conventions from our own culture, processing and responding to different rhythmic structures could be difficult
during what trimester are fetuses able to respond to external environment sounds
last trimester
what is an important feature of a newborn as young as 1-3 days
they are able to respond to music with activation in both hemispheres
tonal music from western music activates which hemisphere
right
based on ERP responses, newborn babies can do 4 things… what are these
- process musical pitch intervals
- detect beats
- distinguish pitch from timbre
- create expectations from tonal patterns
what was found to be larger in 4 or 5 year olds that leaned Suzuki music
auditory evoked potentials
mehr, song and spelke conducted a study on 5 month old infants and how they react to songs sung by different relations or people… what were the results (what procedure did they use)
-> looking time procedure
-> infants found they have a bias towards the sung sung by parent
-> speaks to social significance between songs sung by parents and its social meaning
