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AGBI 410 > Lecture 32 > Flashcards

Lecture 32 Flashcards

1
Q

covalent structure and nucleotide sequence , what structure

A

primary structure

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2
Q

regular, stabel structure taken up by some or all the nucleotides

A

secondary structure

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3
Q

complex folding of large chromosomes or the elaborate folding of tRNA or rRNA structures

A

tertiary structure

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4
Q

covalent bond that joins successive nucleotides of both DNA and RNA

A

phosphodiester linkage

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5
Q

phsophodiester bonds are between what and what

A

5 prime and 3 prime

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6
Q

3’, 5’ - phosphodiester bonds run in the same direction

A

parallel

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7
Q

3’, 5’ phosphodiester bonds run in opposite directions

A

antiparallel

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8
Q

antiparallel confirmed how

A

by x ray analysis

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9
Q

how many H bonds between G and C

A

3

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10
Q

how many H bonds between A and T

A

2

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11
Q

3 H bonds between what

A

G and C

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12
Q

2 H bonds between what

A

A and T

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13
Q

G = what

A

c

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14
Q

A = what

A

T

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15
Q

which base pairing tends to be the strongest and why

A

guanine cytosine due to more H bonds

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16
Q

has the potential to form hairpin or cruciform

A

palindrome

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17
Q

no possibility of self complementarity

A

mirror repeat

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18
Q

which pairs with itself

A

hairpin

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19
Q

palindrome has potential to form what

A

hairpin or cruciform

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20
Q

three different DNA forms

A

a form, b form, z form

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21
Q

more common in solutions lacking water; unknown how frequently it may occur in cells

A

a form

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22
Q

common in physiological conditions, what form

A

b form

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23
Q

which form is Watson and crick associated with

A

b form

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24
Q

common when C-G pairs are alternating; found in some cells but function is unknown, what form

A

z form

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25
Q

non- Watson crick pairing, what type

A

Hoogsteen pairing

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26
Q

form from Hoogsteen pairing

A

triplex DNAs

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27
Q

occur when 4 DNA strands pair

A

tetraplex DNA

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28
Q

most stable tetra plex

A

g tetraplex

29
Q

occur readily only for DNA sequences with high prop of G residues

A

tetraplex DNA

30
Q

mRNA is always what

A

single stranded

31
Q

is mRNA right or left handed conformation

A

right

32
Q

can base pair with complementary regions of DNA or RNA

A

mRNA

33
Q

paired strands of mRNA are what

A

antiparallel

34
Q

what are breaks caused by in RNA

A

mismatched or unmatched bases

35
Q

what do breaks result in for RA

A

bulges or internal loops

36
Q

internal loops form between..

A

palindromic sequences

37
Q

primary location containing all genetic material

A

nucleus

38
Q

what is DNA organized into in the nucleus

A

chromosomes

39
Q

what are smaller than the nuclear chromosomes

A

mitochondria

40
Q

mitochondrial codes for what

A

mitochondrial tRNA, rRNA, some mitochondrial proteins

41
Q

all the DNA the encodes the primary sequence of some final gene product

A

gene

42
Q

one protein is prod from one gene, what hypoth

A

one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis

43
Q

non translated DNA

A

introns,

44
Q

translated DNA (coding DNA) called what

A

exons

45
Q

3 consecutive nucleotides in a single strand of DNA the codes for a specific amino acid

A

codon

46
Q

how is DNA present in bacteria,

A

plasmid compacted in the nucleoid

47
Q

small, circular DNA molecules that are in the cytosol of many bacteria

A

plasmids

48
Q

consist of just a single RNA or DNA molecule and a protein coat

A

viruses

49
Q

viruses mostly contain what

A

RNA

50
Q

are viruses living or nonliving

A

nonliving

51
Q

eukaryotic chromosomal material composed of DNA, RNA and proteins

A

chromatin

52
Q

tertiary packaging of DNA

A

chromosomes

53
Q

enzymes that inc or decrease the extend of DNA underwinding

A

topoisomerases

54
Q

DNA sequence that functions during cell division as an attachment point for proteins that link the chromosome to the mitotic spindle

A

centromere

55
Q

sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that help stabilize the chromosome

A

telomeres

56
Q

proteins that are tighly associated with chromatin

A

histones

57
Q

function to package and order the RNA

A

histones

58
Q

histones tend to associate with regions rich in what

A

A/T

59
Q

proteins that package DNA

A

histones

60
Q

fundamental structural unit of chromatin

A

nucleosomes

61
Q

chromosomes are what before cell division

A

highly condensed and organized

62
Q

phase where genetic material replicated

A

s phase

63
Q

which strand synthesizes in segments

A

lagging

64
Q

catch potential mistakes in nucleotides

A

proofreading

65
Q

ends where 3’ C is free

A

3’ end

66
Q

3’ end ends where

A

3’ C is free

67
Q

5’ ends where

A

5’C is only bound to phosphate, not another base pair

68
Q

4 func of DNA polymerase

A
  1. incorporates dNTPs, proofreads, replaces RNA primers with DNA 4. puts Okazaki fragments together

AGBI 410 (26 decks)

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