Lecture 23 and 24 Flashcards
transmembrane differences in proton concentration are the reservoir for the energy extracted from their biological oxidation rxns
chemiosmotic theory
how many membranes of the mitochondria
2
in mitochrodira, electron transport starts from what
NADH or FADH2
in mitochrodira, electron transport goes to what
CoQ, cytochromes, Fe-S cluster proteins
segregates the intermediates and enzymes of cytosolic and matrix metabolic pathway s
inner mitochondrial matrix
lipid soluble benzoquinone with a long isoprenoid side chain
ubiquinone
another name for ubiquinone
coenzyme Q
how many electrons can ubiquinone accept
one or two
proteins with characteristic strong absorption of visible light due to iron containing heme prothetic groups
cytochromes
proteins that contain iron in association with inorganic sulfur atoms and/or with the sulfur atoms of Cys residues in the proteins
iron sulfur proteins
complex 1 ETC
NADH dehydrogenase
ubiquinone turns to what in complex 1
ubiquinol
how many H+ pumped via complex 1
4
how many polypeptide chains in complex 1
40+
what is complex 2 in ETC
succinate dehydrogenase
how many H+ pumped by complex 2
0
e transfer in complex 2
FADH2 to Q
complex 3 in ETC
cytochrome bc complex
e transfer in complex 3
ubiquinol to Cyt C
how many H+ pumped via complex 3
4
q cycle completes e- transfer from what to what
QH2 to cyt c
how many times does q cycle have to run to complete e transfer
2
how many e- does cyt c carry
1
how many cyt c molecules made from 1 QH2
2
what is complex 4 in ETC
cytochrome oxidase
e transfer of complex 4
cyt c to o2
o2 reduced to what in complex 4
h2o
how many H+ pumped for complex 4
4 for each O2 reduced to h2o
describes coupling of ATP synthase to an electrochemical proton gradient
chemiosmotic model
2 subunits of ATP synthase
F1 and F0
1 full rotation of ATP synthase yields what
3 ATp
what is required from 1 fill rotation of ATP synthase
9 protons
anti porter that moves ADP into the matrix and ATP out of
adenine nucleotide transferase
promotes symport of 1 H2PO4- and one H+ into the matrix
phosphate translocase
a complex of ATP synthase and both translocases
ATP synthesome
catalyzes conversion of superoxide and 2 proton to H2o2 and o2
superoxide dismutase
converts h2o2 to h2o
glutathione peroxidase
signals reflecting insufficient O2
low ROS levels
number of moles of Pi consumed in. phosphorylation to the number of moles of oxygen atoms consumed in oxidation
P/O ratio
p/o when NADH is oxidized
2.5
p/o when FADH is oxidized
- 5
one NADH pumps how many protons
10 H+
1 FADH2 pumps how many protons
6+
how many h+ makes 1 ATP
4
inner mitochondrial matrix is impermeable to what
NADH and NAD
malate aspartate shuttle moves what
NADH equivalents
NADH equivalents moved by the malate aspartate shuttle enter where and yield what
complex 1 and p/o of 2.5
where do NADH equivalents enter via glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle and yield what
complex 3, yield p/o 1.5
what kind of tissue is associated with increase in heat
brown adipose tissue
weak acids that carry protons across inner mitochondrial membrane
DNP and FCCP
in an uncoupling protein , what inhibits ATP syn
antibiotics
e transfer in complex 1 etc
NADH to Q
