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AGBI 410 > Lecture 31 > Flashcards

Lecture 31 Flashcards

1
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA

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2
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA

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3
Q

3 components of nucleotide

A

nitrogenous base, pentose, 1+ phosphates

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4
Q

the molecule without a phosphate group

A

nucleoside

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5
Q

how many rings does pyrimidine have

A

1

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6
Q

how many rings does purine have

A

2

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7
Q

how many purines are there

A

2

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8
Q

what are the 2 purines

A

adenine, guanine

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9
Q

how many pyrimidines are there e

A

3

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10
Q

what are the 3 pyrimidines

A

cytosine, thymine, uracil (RNA)

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11
Q

structural units of DNA

A

deoxyribonucleotides

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12
Q

structural units of RNA

A

ribonucleotides

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13
Q

2 pathways that lead to nucleotides

A

de novo, salvage

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14
Q

recycle the free bases and nucleosides released from nucleic acid breakdown

A

salvage pathway

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15
Q

what metabolic precursors does de novo start with

A

amino acids, ribose 5 phosphate, CO2, NH3

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16
Q

in de novo, purine bases are syn while attached to what

A

ribose

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17
Q

de novo, pyrimidine ring is synthesized as..

A

orotate

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18
Q

what provides the most amino groups in de novo

A

GLn

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19
Q

precursor for purines de novo

A

glycine

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20
Q

glycine is the precursor for what

A

purines

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21
Q

precursor for pyrimidines de novo

A

aspartate

22
Q

aspartate is precursor for what

A

pyrmindines

23
Q

purine syn step 1

A

PRPP to 5-phospho - beta - d ribosylamine

24
Q

enzyme of step 1 purine synthesis

A

glutamine-PRPP-amidotransferase

25
Q

what goes into and comes out step 1 purine synthesis

A

glutamine goes in, glutamate and PPi comes out

26
Q

first intermediate with complete purine ring

A

inosinate

26
Q

abbreviation for inosinate

A

IMP

27
Q

what can IMP be used to synthesize

A

AMP and GMP

28
Q

AMP or GMP synthesis regulated by..

A

feedback inhibition from purine nucleotide products

29
Q

what donates the amino group for AMP

A

aspartate

30
Q

what donates the amino group for GMP

A

glutamine

31
Q

in salvage cycle, what two things can be used to make AMP/GMP

A

guanine, hypoxanthinine

32
Q

in pyrimidine synthesis, what is the first thing done

A

first making the pyrimidine ring

33
Q

what form is the first pyrimidine ring in

A

orotate

34
Q

what is attached after the pyrimidine ring formation (pyrmindine synthesis)

A

ribose 5 phosphate

35
Q

what provide the atoms for ring structure

A

aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate

36
Q

what is the regulator of pyrminidine synthesis

A

first enzymatic step

37
Q

what is the first enzymatic step of pyrimidine synthesis

A

aspartate to n-carbamoylaspartate

38
Q

enzyme of first step of pyrimidine synthesis

A

aspartate trans carbamoylase

39
Q

what two things are regulating the first step of pyrmindine synthesis

A

carbamoyl phosphate, CTP

40
Q

what two things are required for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis

A

ribonucleotide reductase, NADPH

41
Q

thymidylate synthesis does what

A

adds methyl to dUMP, giving thymine

42
Q

what does thymidylate synthesis require

A

folate (vitamin b9

43
Q

folic acid deficiency leads to what

A

reduced thymidylate synthesis

44
Q

folic acid deficiency occurs in what percent of human population

A

about 10%

45
Q

reduced thymidylate synthesis causes…

A

uracil to be incorporated into DNA

46
Q

repair mechanisms remove uracil in the DNA how

A

creating strand breaks, therefore affecting the structure and function of the DNA

47
Q

pathways for degradation of pyrimidines lead to what

A

NH4+ production, urea synthesis

48
Q

in pyrimidine catabolism, carbons of thymine are degraded to..

A

succinylcholine CoA

49
Q

carbons of cytosine and uracil are degraded to…

A

acetyl CoA

AGBI 410 (26 decks)

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