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Intro To Psychology > Lecture 3: Sensation And Perception > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Sensation And Perception Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of stimulus energy?

A
  1. Light
  2. Smell
  3. Sound
  4. Touch
  5. See
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2
Q

What are the sensory receptors?

A
  1. Eyes
  2. Ears
  3. Nose
  4. Mouth
  5. Skin
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3
Q

What are neural impulses?

A

Signals transmitted by sensory receptors

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4
Q

What areas does the brain contain?

A
  1. Visual
  2. Auditory
  3. Olfactory
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5
Q

What is sensation?

A

Stimulation of organs

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6
Q

What is perception?

A

Selection, organization and interpretation of sensory input

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7
Q

What is Psychophysics?

A

Study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

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8
Q

What is a threshold?

A

Dividing point between detectable and undetectable energy levels

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9
Q

What is an absolute threshold?

A

Minimum stimulation detectable 50% of the time
Example: Candle light seen 50KM away

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10
Q

What is a noticeable difference?

A

Smallest difference in stimulation that a sense can detect

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11
Q

What is Weber’s Law?

A

Noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the initial stimulus

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12
Q

What is Signal Detection Theory?

A

Detection of stimuli involves decision process influenced by factors besides intensity

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13
Q

What is subliminal perception?

A

Registration of sensory input without conscious awareness

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14
Q

What is reversible figure?

A

Drawing with two interpretations that can be shifted back and forth

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15
Q

What is perceptual set?

A

Readiness to see a stimulus in a certain way

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16
Q

What is Change blindness?

A

Failure to see obvious change in environment

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17
Q

What is inattentional blindness?

A

Failure to see unexpected visual objects or events

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18
Q

What is feature analysis?

A

Process of detecting elements in visual awareness and assembling them

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19
Q

What are the elements of sensation and perception?

A
  1. Good figure
  2. Ground
  3. Proximity
  4. Closure
  5. Similarity
  6. Continuation
  7. Symmetry
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20
Q

What is distal stimulus?

A

Stimulus in the distance

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21
Q

What is proximal stimulus?

A

Stimulus energies directly on sensory receptors

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22
Q

What is Perceptual hypothesis?

A

Guesses for which distance stimuli could be responsible for sensed proximal stimuli

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23
Q

What is depth perception?

A

Visual cues indicating nearness or fairness of an object

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24
Q

What is binocular depth cues?

A

Different angles of light entering eyes to determine closeness or farness

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25
What is retinal disparity?
Retinas projecting slightly different image locations on each eye
26
What is monocular depth cues?
Judging distance using one eye
27
What is motion parallax?
Images of objects at different distances moving across the retina at different paces
28
What is pictorial depth cues?
Clues about distance in flat line picture
29
What is linear perspective?
Lines coverage in the distance
30
What is texture gradients?
Up close has richer texture than far away
31
What is interposition?
Object between you and another object must be closer
32
What is relative size?
Things appear smaller from farther away
33
What is height in plane?
Distance objects appear high
34
What is light and shadow?
Visual cues for perceiving depth and form
35
What is Visual illusions?
Exploiting how our brains interpret visual cues
36
What is sound?
Wave of molecules impacting ear drums and producing nerve signals
37
What is the outer ear?
Receives vibrations from mediums?
38
What are eardrum?
Translates vibration into movement of middle ear bones
39
What is basilar membrane?
1. Lengths of cochlea 2. Holds auditory receptors
40
What are auditory signals?
1. Routed through thalamus 2. Auditory cortex in temporal lobe
41
What is place theory?
Perception of pitch corresponds to different vibrations in basilar membrane
42
What is frequency theory?
Pitch corresponds to rate at which basilar membrane vibrates
43
How does localize the source of sound work?
Difference in arrival times at each ear helps determine sound location
44
What is light?
Form of electromagnetic radiation, changes in amplitude and wavelength
45
What is pupil?
Regulation amount of light entering the eye
46
What is the lens?
Changes shape to focus light on the retina
47
What is visual input?
Processed by primary visual cortex and other cortical areas
48
What is ventral (bottom)?
Spatial awareness of form and colour to identify objects
49
What is dorsal (top)?
Spatial awareness of object locations
50
What is Visual perception?
Creating a model of objects in the environment
51
What is vision action?
Using vision to find objects and move the body
52
What is colour?
1. Subtractive and additive colour mixing 2. Trichromatic colour vision
53
What are complimentary colours?
Pairs of colours that produce grey tones when mixed
54
What is after image?
Visual image that persists after the original image is removed
55
What is Opponent process theory?
Colour perception depends on receptors with unfriendly responses to certain colour pairs
56
What is taste?
Signals transmitted by taste receptors on the tongue
57
What is the taste system?
Signals routed through thalamus and onto insular cortex in frontal lobe
58
What is the Olfactory system?
Signals sent to olfactory bulb in the brain, distinguishing 10,000 diff odours
59
What are pheromones?
Chemical messages sent and received by the same species
60
What are the physical stimulations for touch? (They’re all impacting the skin)
1. Mechanical 2. Thermal 3. Chemical skin
61
What are sensory adaptation?
Fading of continuous stimuli applied to a specific spot
62
Where are sensory signals routed?
1. Somatic nervous system 2. Somatic sensory cortex
63
Why is pain important?
1. Survival 2. Signals potential harm 3. Signals injury
64
What is gate-controlled theory?
Pain sensations pass through a gate in the spinal cord
65
What is synesthesia?
Condition where perceptual activities trigger non-modal sensory experiences
66
What is Prosopagnosia?
Inability to recognize faces
67
What is phantom limb syndrome?
Sensation of pain in a limb that doesn’t exist

Intro To Psychology (28 decks)

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