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Intro To Psychology > Lecture 3: Sensation And Perception > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Sensation And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the types of stimulus energy?

A
  1. Light
  2. Smell
  3. Sound
  4. Touch
  5. See
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2
Q

What are the sensory receptors?

A
  1. Eyes
  2. Ears
  3. Nose
  4. Mouth
  5. Skin
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3
Q

What are neural impulses?

A

Signals transmitted by sensory receptors

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4
Q

What areas does the brain contain?

A
  1. Visual
  2. Auditory
  3. Olfactory
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5
Q

What is sensation?

A

Stimulation of organs

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6
Q

What is perception?

A

Selection, organization and interpretation of sensory input

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7
Q

What is Psychophysics?

A

Study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

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8
Q

What is a threshold?

A

Dividing point between detectable and undetectable energy levels

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9
Q

What is an absolute threshold?

A

Minimum stimulation detectable 50% of the time
Example: Candle light seen 50KM away

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10
Q

What is a noticeable difference?

A

Smallest difference in stimulation that a sense can detect

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11
Q

What is Weber’s Law?

A

Noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the initial stimulus

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12
Q

What is Signal Detection Theory?

A

Detection of stimuli involves decision process influenced by factors besides intensity

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13
Q

What is subliminal perception?

A

Registration of sensory input without conscious awareness

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14
Q

What is reversible figure?

A

Drawing with two interpretations that can be shifted back and forth

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15
Q

What is perceptual set?

A

Readiness to see a stimulus in a certain way

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16
Q

What is Change blindness?

A

Failure to see obvious change in environment

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17
Q

What is inattentional blindness?

A

Failure to see unexpected visual objects or events

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18
Q

What is feature analysis?

A

Process of detecting elements in visual awareness and assembling them

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19
Q

What are the elements of sensation and perception?

A
  1. Good figure
  2. Ground
  3. Proximity
  4. Closure
  5. Similarity
  6. Continuation
  7. Symmetry
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20
Q

What is distal stimulus?

A

Stimulus in the distance

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21
Q

What is proximal stimulus?

A

Stimulus energies directly on sensory receptors

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22
Q

What is Perceptual hypothesis?

A

Guesses for which distance stimuli could be responsible for sensed proximal stimuli

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23
Q

What is depth perception?

A

Visual cues indicating nearness or fairness of an object

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24
Q

What is binocular depth cues?

A

Different angles of light entering eyes to determine closeness or farness

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25
Q

What is retinal disparity?

A

Retinas projecting slightly different image locations on each eye

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26
Q

What is monocular depth cues?

A

Judging distance using one eye

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27
Q

What is motion parallax?

A

Images of objects at different distances moving across the retina at different paces

28
Q

What is pictorial depth cues?

A

Clues about distance in flat line picture

29
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

Lines coverage in the distance

30
Q

What is texture gradients?

A

Up close has richer texture than far away

31
Q

What is interposition?

A

Object between you and another object must be closer

32
Q

What is relative size?

A

Things appear smaller from farther away

33
Q

What is height in plane?

A

Distance objects appear high

34
Q

What is light and shadow?

A

Visual cues for perceiving depth and form

35
Q

What is Visual illusions?

A

Exploiting how our brains interpret visual cues

36
Q

What is sound?

A

Wave of molecules impacting ear drums and producing nerve signals

37
Q

What is the outer ear?

A

Receives vibrations from mediums?

38
Q

What are eardrum?

A

Translates vibration into movement of middle ear bones

39
Q

What is basilar membrane?

A
  1. Lengths of cochlea
  2. Holds auditory receptors
40
Q

What are auditory signals?

A
  1. Routed through thalamus
  2. Auditory cortex in temporal lobe
41
Q

What is place theory?

A

Perception of pitch corresponds to different vibrations in basilar membrane

42
Q

What is frequency theory?

A

Pitch corresponds to rate at which basilar membrane vibrates

43
Q

How does localize the source of sound work?

A

Difference in arrival times at each ear helps determine sound location

44
Q

What is light?

A

Form of electromagnetic radiation, changes in amplitude and wavelength

45
Q

What is pupil?

A

Regulation amount of light entering the eye

46
Q

What is the lens?

A

Changes shape to focus light on the retina

47
Q

What is visual input?

A

Processed by primary visual cortex and other cortical areas

48
Q

What is ventral (bottom)?

A

Spatial awareness of form and colour to identify objects

49
Q

What is dorsal (top)?

A

Spatial awareness of object locations

50
Q

What is Visual perception?

A

Creating a model of objects in the environment

51
Q

What is vision action?

A

Using vision to find objects and move the body

52
Q

What is colour?

A
  1. Subtractive and additive colour mixing
  2. Trichromatic colour vision
53
Q

What are complimentary colours?

A

Pairs of colours that produce grey tones when mixed

54
Q

What is after image?

A

Visual image that persists after the original image is removed

55
Q

What is Opponent process theory?

A

Colour perception depends on receptors with unfriendly responses to certain colour pairs

56
Q

What is taste?

A

Signals transmitted by taste receptors on the tongue

57
Q

What is the taste system?

A

Signals routed through thalamus and onto insular cortex in frontal lobe

58
Q

What is the Olfactory system?

A

Signals sent to olfactory bulb in the brain, distinguishing 10,000 diff odours

59
Q

What are pheromones?

A

Chemical messages sent and received by the same species

60
Q

What are the physical stimulations for touch? (They’re all impacting the skin)

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Thermal
  3. Chemical skin
61
Q

What are sensory adaptation?

A

Fading of continuous stimuli applied to a specific spot

62
Q

Where are sensory signals routed?

A
  1. Somatic nervous system
  2. Somatic sensory cortex
63
Q

Why is pain important?

A
  1. Survival
  2. Signals potential harm
  3. Signals injury
64
Q

What is gate-controlled theory?

A

Pain sensations pass through a gate in the spinal cord

65
Q

What is synesthesia?

A

Condition where perceptual activities trigger non-modal sensory experiences

66
Q

What is Prosopagnosia?

A

Inability to recognize faces

67
Q

What is phantom limb syndrome?

A

Sensation of pain in a limb that doesn’t exist

Intro To Psychology (28 decks)

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