lecture 10 pt 1: stress, coping and health Flashcards
resilience
unexpectedly good recovery and sometimes positive growth following stress and/or extreme adversity
facts of resilience
- different from hardiness, which is a personality characteristic for coping with stress
- recovery that is quicker and more effective
- resilient ppl often use humour, positive emotions, social support, optimism and positive thinking
coping self-efficacy
belief that we can perform the behaviour necessary to cope with stress successfully
facts about coping self-efficacy
- specific to the situation
- increased by past successes, observing similar others succeed
- exp. low physiological arousal can convey a sense of strength and ability to cope
self-efficacy are associated with…
better immune system functioning
Optimism
hopefulness and confident about future or the successful outcome of something
optimism facts
- appraise themselves as being less helpless in face of stress & adjusted better to neg, life events
- associated with better overall health + positive emotions (happiness)
- pessimist general suffer more illnesses over their lifetimes + die young
personality types
- Type A
- Type B
Type A
live under great pressure, demanding themselves + others
- more stressed, prone to rapid talking/moving/walking/eating
- exaggerated sense of time urgency + become irritated at delays
Type B
relaxed, agreeable, less time urgency, etc
finding meaning in life… facts
- people who are able to find meaning in neg, events exp
- religious beliefs
positive religious beliefs
coping with losses, illness or positive setbacks
negative religious beliefs
- god punishing someone
- victims of demonic forces
- angry towards deities or religious authority figures
problem-focused coping
dealing with the problem or changing it so that its not stressful
problem-focused coping
- studying for test, talking to the other person in fight, gaining skills
emotion-focused coping
manage your feelings about the event
seeking social support
turning to others for assistance and emotional support
how to do problem-focused coping
- planning
- active coping and problem-solving
- suppressing competing activities
- exercising restraint
- assertive confrontation
emotional-focused coping
- positive reinterpretation
- acceptance
- denial
- relaxation techniques
- escape-avoidance
- wishful thinking
- controlling feelings
forms of seeking social support
- helping and guidance
- emotional support
- affirmation of worth
- tangible aid (e,g., money)
problem-focused and social support
- better then emotion-focused ways of handling stress
- involve avoiding feelings, taking out on others, trying escape situation
negative coping strategies
- drug/alcoholism
- self-injury/self-harm
- bottling up feelings
drug/alcoholism
used to regulate stress-inducing emotions
self injury/self-harm
intention of harming oneself without suicidal intention
(cutting, burning, scratching, preventing wounds from healing, hitting, hair-pulling…)
bottling up feelings
- getting it out by writing about or talking about it with others (good)
- venting strong emotions is not best way to go about
- inability to express neg, emotions is associated with increased risk of poor health
substance abuse: psychoactive drugs
- chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, and behavioural function
- include legal and illegal drugs
types of drugs
- narcotics (opiates)
- sedatives
- stimulants
- hallucinogens
- cannabis
- MDMA (ecstasy, molly)
dad in hospital
narcotics (opiates)
drugs derived from opium that
are capable of relieving pain, such as heroine,
morphine and oxycodone
gojo vs toji
effects of narcotics
- Produce overwhelming sense of euphoria
- Side effects include lethargy, nausea, impaired mental
and motor functioning
sedatives
sleep-inducing drugs that tend to
decrease central nervous system activation and
behavioral activity
how sedatives work
- produce “downer” effect that depresses mental activity
- gives that user euphoria similar to alcohol
stimulants
increase central nervous system activity
what do stimulants do
give people a “top of the
world” feeling
- increase alertness, bordering on
paranoia and insomnia
hallucinogens
- diverse group of drugs that have
powerful effects on mental and emotional
functioning - marked most prominently by
distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
what do hallucinogens do?
LSD:
- mescaline and
psilocybin are among the most well-known product
- euphoria, increased sensory awareness and sensory
- “mystical” feeling
LSD usages
Often used in cultural religious ceremonies and people that identify with the counter-culture movement of the 1960’s
Cannabis
mix of dried leaves, flowers, stems and
seeds taken from the plant
Cannabis facts
- Hashish comes from the plant’s resin
- Can be smoked or combined with food (ingested)
- Produces a mild, relaxed euphoria and enhanced
sensory awareness
side effects of cannabis
anxiety, sluggish mental
functioning and impaired memory
MDMA: Ecstasy and molly
compound related to
amphetamines and hallucinogens
