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Intro To Psychology > Lecture 2: Biological Foundations Of Behaviour > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Biological Foundations Of Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cords

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves that branch out from brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Connects to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors

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4
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Connection to heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands

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5
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Readies body resources for emergencies

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6
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Restores body to calm state after emergency

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7
Q

Spinal cord

A

Connection to brain and rest of body

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8
Q

Brain

A

The composition of billions of neurons and “control system” of the entire human body

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9
Q

Forebrain

A
  1. Largest area of brain
  2. The critical thinker
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10
Q

Midbrain

A
  1. Pathway between forebrain and hindbrain
  2. Transmits necessary info for vision and hearing
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11
Q

Hindbrain

A
  1. Memory storage
  2. Unconscious actions (respiratory rhythms, motor activity, sleep)
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12
Q

Thalamus

A

Rely station for sensory info to cerebral cortex

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  1. Regulates basic biological needs
  2. Controls the 4 F’s
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14
Q

What are the 4 F’s?

A
  1. Feeding
  2. Fighting
  3. Fleeing
  4. Fucking
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15
Q

Limbic system

A

Network of structures involved memory and emotional processing

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16
Q

Cerebrum function

A
  1. Initiates and coordinates movements
  2. Controls temp
  3. Long part brain and include cerebral cortex
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17
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Folded outer layer of cerebrum, increase surface area

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18
Q

Cerebral hemisphere

A

Right and left halves of cerebrum

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19
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bridge of axons, connect left and right hemisphere

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20
Q

What is a Neuron and what is it made of

A
  1. Brain cell that transmits info
  2. Made of dendrites, soma, axon, and axon terminals
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21
Q

Dendrite

A

Branch on cell body that receives info from neighbouring neurons

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22
Q

Soma

A

Cell body of neuron that contains nucleus

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23
Q

Axon

A

Wire-like part of neuron that transmits signals away from cell body

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24
Q

Axon terminals

A

Swellings at tip of an axon that store neurotransmitters

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25
Glial cells
Supports cells for neurons, nourish and insulate them
26
White matter
Myelinated axons that connect brain areas together
27
Grey matter
Neural cell bodies
28
Action potential
Brief shift in a neuron’s electrical charge, travels along the axon
29
Ion channels
Open to allow ions to enter or exit a neuron
30
All-or-none law
Once action potential starts, doesn’t stop until reaching axon terminals
31
Refractory period
Small period after an action potential where a neuron cannot fire again
32
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals released by neurons to transmit signal to other neurons
33
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Increase the likelihood of a neuron firing (Message continues to pass on to next cell)
34
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Decrease likelihood of a neuron firing
35
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter involved in motor control, memory, attention, and arousal
36
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter involved in pleasure, rewards, movement, and learning
37
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter involved in mood, eating, arousal, and sleeping
38
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric)
Neurotransmitter that produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
39
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness
40
Endorphins
1. Natural painkillers 2. Involved in eating behaviour and stress response
41
Endocrine system
Series of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream
42
Genes
Basic units of heredity, composed of DNA
43
Genotype
Genetic blueprint of trait
44
Phenotype
Expression of genetic trait that can be observed
45
Allele
Different form of same gene
46
Homozygous
Inherited same allele on pair of corresponding chromosomes
47
Heterozygous
Inherited diff alleles on same corresponding chromosomes
48
Dominant-recessive gene
Dominant gene usually expressed more frequently than recessive gene
49
Heterozygous (dominant-recessive)
Dominant gene expressed, person remains carrier of recessive gene
50
Incomplete dominance
Both genes influence the trait
51
Polygenic inheritance
Trait is result of multiple genes interacting
52
Genomic imprinting
Gene expression determined by whether it is inherited from mom or dad
53
Passive gene-environment interaction
Parents create environment that aligns with genotype
54
Evocative gene-environment interaction
Environment reacts to an individual’s traits
55
Active gene-environment interaction
Individuals seek out environments that correspond to their traits
56
Reaction range
Wide range of potential expression of genetic trait depending on environment opportunities and constraints
57
Canalization
Ability of population to produce the same phenotype regardless of environmental or genetic variability
58
Purpose of selective breeding studies
Modifying DNA of animals to study influence of heredity on attributes and behaviour
59
Definition of family studies
Comparing people who live together and share varying degrees of relatedness
60
Twin design definition
Comparing identical and fraternal twins to estimate the influence of genes on behaviour and traits
61
Adoption studies definition
Comparing adopted children with their biological and adoptive parents to study the influence of genes and environment
62
Evolutionary explanations
Traits acquired through adaptive advantage and natural selection
63
Sexual strategy theory
Exploring different approaches to sex and reproduction between men and women
64
Flintstonization of history
Tendency to assume that current mate-selection, bonding, marriage, and relations are how they have always been

Intro To Psychology (28 decks)

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