Lecture 3 Block 2

Question 1

when is heat balance achieved

Answer 1

when heat gained is equal to heat loss

Question 2

what does heat balance take into consideration

Answer 2

metabolic heat production, conductive heat exchange, convective heat exchange, radiative heat exchange, and evaporative heat exchange

Question 3

is heat gained or lost with metabolic heat production

Answer 3

gained

Question 4

is heat gained or lost with conductive heat exchange

Answer 4

gain or lost

Question 5

is heat gained or lost with convective heat exchange

Answer 5

gain or loss

Question 6

is heat gained or lost with radiative heat exchanged

Answer 6

gain or loss

Question 7

is heat gained or lost with evaporative heat exchange

Answer 7

lost

Question 8

why is the effect of temperature biphasic

Answer 8

because there’s a direct relationship between temp and reactions rates below the thermal optima, but an indirect relationship between temp and reaction rates above the thermal optima

Question 9

what does Q10 tell you

Answer 9

how dependent that process or rate is on temperature

Question 10

what is homeoviscous adaptation

Answer 10

compositional adaptation of membrane lipids to maintain correct fluidity despite outer conditions

Question 11

what is conduction

Answer 11

direct molecular transfer of energy from a warmer surface to a cooler surface

Question 12

what is convection

Answer 12

conduction coupled to air or fluid movement

Question 13

what is radiation

Answer 13

emission of photons from any surface above a temperature of absolute zero

Question 14

what is evaporation

Answer 14

change of state of water from a liquid to a vapor

Question 15

what is the rate of diffusion equation

Answer 15

k x A x (P2- P1)/D

Question 16

what is the Q10 equation

Answer 16

Q10 = (Kt + 10)/ Kt

Question 17

how are respiratory and cardiovascular systems similar

Answer 17

both work through muscles to ventilate vascular surfaces for oxygen

Question 18

how do the respiratory and cardiovascular system each use diffusion

Answer 18

cardiovascular system uses capillaries of the body, respiratory system uses capillaries of the lungs

Question 19

how do the respiratory and cardiovascular system each use convection

Answer 19

respiratory- moves air in and out of lungs to ventilate alveoli
cardiovascular- bulk movement of blood through vessels

Question 20

what does homeeoviscous adaptation affect

Answer 20

fatty acid chain length, saturation, phospholipid classes, cholesterol content

Question 21

describe fatty acids in animals adapted to cold temperatures

Answer 21

they have membranes with fatty acids that have shorter chains that are more unsaturated, creates double bonds that interfere with stacking of neighboring tails, more flexible at lower temps

Question 22

do shorter chains have higher or lower fluidity

Answer 22

higher

Question 23

describe fatty acids in warm adapted animals

Answer 23

they have highly saturated FA tails, which allows for close stacking of neighboring tails and thermostability at high temperatures

Question 24

which animals have more cholesterol in their membranes

Answer 24

animals adapted to higher temperatures

Question 25

does cholesterol loosen or stiffen the membrane

Answer 25

stiffen

Question 26

what can temperature changes alter

Answer 26

the structure of the enzyme, enzyme0 substrate affinity, enzymes ability to undergo structural shifts, KE of substrate

Question 27

describe the enzymes of animals adapted to higher temperatures

Answer 27

they have enzymes with higher thermal optima and lower catalytic rates