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PSIO305 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

explain compact bone matrix and its function

A
  • densely packed matrix

- serves as covering of all bones and main component of shafts of long and short bones

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2
Q

what is compact bone characterized by

A

its tensile and compression strength and hardness

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3
Q

describe spongy bone

A

porous arrangement of trabecular, creates spaces between bone columns filled with marrow

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4
Q

where is spongy bone found

A

in ends of long bones and fills most other differently shaped bones

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5
Q

how are trabeculae oriented in spongy bone

A

to resist tension or stresses placed on each particular bone

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6
Q

what do osteoblasts do

A
  • bone forming cells that are plentiful in infants

- in adults these are recruited from layer of cells lining bone for repair

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7
Q

what do osteocytes do

A

cells responsible for maintenance of bone
-they are seniors for tensions applied to bone and for essential nutrients and growth factors influencing bone structure and function

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8
Q

what do osteoclasts do

A
  • responsible for resorbing or removing bone

- these originate in circulating blood and are activated by factors released from osteocytes

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9
Q

what comprises the majority of bone mass

A

extracellular matrix

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10
Q

how do you describe organic component of extracellular matrix

A

meshwork of lattice of protein

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11
Q

what is the function of collagen in organic component fo ECM

A

provides tensile strength to bone

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12
Q

why is the lattice structure important in the organic layer

A

required for deposition of minerals

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13
Q

what composes to inorganic component of the ECM

A

calcium salts or calcium phosphates

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14
Q

what does the inorganic layer provide for bone

A

compression strength

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15
Q

describe compact bone

A

densely packed cylindrical structures called osteons

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16
Q

describe trabecular bone

A

free standing columns of bone with spaces between them

17
Q

what occurs after osteoblasts proliferate

A

they start depositing ECM around themselves

18
Q

what occurs after osteoblasts are surrounded by ECM

A

they reduce their mitotic activity and convert to osteocytes

19
Q

where do osteocytes live

A

in small fluid areas called lacuna

20
Q

how do osteocytes connect with other osteocytes

A

they extend long projections through cacnaliculi and connect with those from adjacent osteocytes via gap junctions

21
Q

what are the functions of bone

A
  • provide structure
  • leverage for movement
  • house for blood formation tissues
  • serves as bank for minerals
22
Q

what must bone be able to do

A

remodel ECM and strengthen reshape or reconfigure its composition

23
Q

what are the steps in bone remodeling

A
  1. osteoclasts are activates and recruited to the site of repair
  2. by releasing concentrated acid, osteoclasts cause the underlying matrix to be dissolved and removed
  3. osteoblasts from the surrounding bone lining layer of cells move in to begin the process of bone deposition
24
Q

what regulated the remodeling process

A

hormone, diet, age, physical stresses and changes in ionic concentration in ECM or blood

25
Q

what happens to bone when force is applied

A

it tends to compress one side of bone and stretch the other

26
Q

what does fluid do as bone is compressed

A

the fluid in spaces will flow away from compression

27
Q

what effect does fluid flow have on cilia

A

it bends cilia in the direction of flow causing stretch activated Ca2+ channels to open and calcium flows activating a series of downstream intracellular effects

28
Q

what can cilia sense

A

composition of extracellular fluid, detecting forth or trophic factors, nutrient supply.

29
Q

what are the intracellular effects

A
  • release of cytokines which can activate circulating blood cells to become osteoclasts for absorption
  • increased synthesis of ECM proteins and facilitation of mineral deposition to strengthen the ECM

PSIO305 (33 decks)

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