Lecture 10 Block 3

Question 1

what are hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 1

precursors for all blood cells

Question 2

where do leukocytes fully develop

Answer 2

in bone marrow

Question 3

where do t lymphocytes migrate and mature?

Answer 3

migrate from bone marrow to thymus and reach maturity in the thymus

Question 4

what are the 3 types of lymphocytes

Answer 4

B cells, T cells, and null cells

Question 5

what are the 5 types of leukocytes

Answer 5

lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

Question 6

what do mast cells secrete

Answer 6

histamine

Question 7

what are dendritic cells and what do they do

Answer 7

phagocytes, present antigen to activate certain types of T cells

Question 8

what do granulocytes contain

Answer 8

cytoplasmic vesicles that can be released through a process called degranulation

Question 9

what leukocytes are granulocytes

Answer 9

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

Question 10

what leukocytes are agranulocytes

Answer 10

monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes

Question 11

what are phagocytes

Answer 11

neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells

Question 12

what happens in phagocytosis of pathogens

Answer 12

• recognition of PAMPs by on-site macrophages
• triggers phagocytosis and secretions of cytokines
• secretory products trigger subsequent steps

Question 13

what happens in dilation and increased permeability of capillaries

Answer 13

• mast cells secrete histamine

- histamine triggers vasodilation and increases capillary permeability

Question 14

what happens in leukocyte migration and proliferation

Answer 14

cells move from blood to tissue triggered by cytokines

• margination: move to vascular wall
• attachment: bind to wall
• Diapedesis: move between endothelial cells
• chemotaxis: movement in tissue to injury guided by IL-8

Question 15

what is phagocytosis facilitated by

Answer 15

opsonins

Question 16

what do interleukins and TNF-alpha do in bone marrow

Answer 16

produce and release more leukocytes

Question 17

what do interleukins and TNF-alpha do in B cells

Answer 17

antibody production

Question 18

what do interleukins and TNF-alpha do in T cells

Answer 18

cell mediated immunity

Question 19

what do interleukins and TNF-alpha do in the liver

Answer 19

produces acute-phase proteins which inhibit microbes and regulate immune response

Question 20

what do interleukins and TNF-alpha do in the brain

Answer 20

stimulate hypothalamus to increase body temperature via prostaglandins

Question 21

what do pattern recognition receptors induce

Answer 21

synthesis and secretion of interferons in leukocytes or pathogen host cells

Question 22

what do interferon alpha and interferon beta induce

Answer 22

neighboring cells to resist viral replication nonspecific to the viruses

Question 23

where is interferon gamma secreted from

Answer 23

active T cells and NK cells

Question 24

what does interferon gamma do

Answer 24

• inhibits viral replication
• enhances phagocytosis by macrophages
• boosts antibody production in B cells
• helps activate NK cells and cytotoxic T cells
• inhibits cell division

Question 25

what do natural killer cells do

Answer 25

• recognize abnormal or infected cells that lack surface MHC
• secrete performs to lyse the defective cells
• can attack virus-infected cells without identifying virus, allowing for early defense against viral infections

Question 26

what are the mechanisms of action for the complement system

Answer 26

• forming membrane attach complex
• opsonization
• leukocyte recruitment
• histamine secretion by mast cells