Lecture 6 Block 3

Question 1

how many neurons are in somatic nerves

Answer 1

one

Question 2

how many neurons are in autonomic nerves

Answer 2

two

Question 3

where is the transmitter released from in somatic motor nerves

Answer 3

synaptic terminal

Question 4

where is the transmitter released from in autonomic nerves

Answer 4

synaptic terminal and varicosities

Question 5

what are the transmitter receptors for somatic motor nerves

Answer 5

N1

Question 6

what are the transmitter receptors for autonomic nerves

Answer 6

N2, M, alpha and beta

Question 7

where do sympathetic neurons originate

Answer 7

thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Question 8

where are sympathetic preganglionic neurons located

Answer 8

in the lateral horn of the spinal cord

Question 9

where do parasympathetic neurons originate

Answer 9

midbrain and medulla and sacral segments of the spinal cord

Question 10

where are preganglionic neurons located

Answer 10

brainstem and lateral horn of the spinal cord

Question 11

where are sympathetic ganglions located

Answer 11

close to spinal cord, they are 2 ganglion chains along either side of the vertebral column

Question 12

where are parasympathetic ganglion located

Answer 12

close to target organs,

Question 13

what do sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion release during synapse

Answer 13

Ach on nicotinic Ach receptors

Question 14

how are autonomic varicosities different from neuronal synapses

Answer 14

they do not have axon terminals

Question 15

what do target synapses release in sympathetic system

Answer 15

NE on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Question 16

how is NE cleared out

Answer 16

by reuptake by presynaptic neurons or diffusion out of synaptic cleft

Question 17

what do target synapses release in parasympathetic system

Answer 17

Ach on muscarnic receptors

Question 18

how is Ach cleared out

Answer 18

through breakdown by acetylcholinesterase or diffusion out of synaptic cleft

Question 19

what is the pathway of a sympathetic nerve

Answer 19

short preganglionic and long postganglionic

Question 20

what is the pathway of a parasympathetic nerve

Answer 20

long preganglionic and short postganglionic

Question 21

what is the adrenal medulla

Answer 21

a neuroendocrine tissue that has only sympathetic input and secretes neurohormones to the blood

Question 22

describe the sympathetic nerve innervating the adrenal medulla

Answer 22

preganglionic and releases Ach

Question 23

what does alpha1 receptor respond to

Answer 23

mostly NE

Question 24

what is the second messenger for alpha1 receptor

Answer 24

PLC-> increases IP3 and DAG-> PKC

Question 25

what does alpha2 receptor respond to

Answer 25

NE

Question 26

what is the second messenger for alpha2 receptor

Answer 26

decreases cAMP

Question 27

what does B1 receptor respond to

Answer 27

E and NE

Question 28

what does B2 respond to

Answer 28

Epinephrine

Question 29

what does B3 respond to

Answer 29

NE

Question 30

what is the second messenger for B1 B2 and B3

Answer 30

cAMP and phosphorylation

Question 31

what are nicotinic recepotrs

Answer 31

inotropic receptors couple to non-selective cation channel and when activated by Ash depolarize the postsynaptic cell

Question 32

where are N1 receptors located

Answer 32

at the NMJ

Question 33

where are N2 receptors located

Answer 33

at ganglion synapses

Question 34

what are muscarinic receptors

Answer 34

metabotropic/ GPCRs, they are at parasympathetic target synapses on the target cells

Question 35

what is the peripheral visceral reflex

Answer 35

the type of reflex that does not involve CNS

Question 36

what do brainstem autonomic motor nuclei contain

Answer 36

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

Question 37

what does the hypothalamus do

Answer 37

mediated interactions between forebrain and brainstem