Lec 7- Brain structures/function

Question 1

Blood brain barrier (BBB)

Answer 1

Regulates exchanges between the blood and the brain, thus limiting access of blood-borne materials into the vulnerable brain tissue.

Question 2

Cranial Meninges

Answer 2

the dura mater, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

Question 3

Spinal Meninges

Answer 3

The spinal meninges are three membranes that surround the spinal cord – the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. They contain cerebrospinal fluid, acting to support and protect the spinal cord. … It acts as an anchor for the spinal cord and meninges.

Question 4

Pia mater

Answer 4

the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.

Question 5

Arachnoid mater

Answer 5

Connected to the dura mater on the side closest to the CNS, this middle layer includes a network of fibers and collagen that are part of the suspension system that helps protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact

Question 6

Dura mater

Answer 6

Dura mater is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three layers of membrane called the meninges that protect the central nervous system.

Question 7

Telencephalon

Answer 7

Becomes the cerebral hemisphere, has the most amount of growth.

Question 8

Diencephalon

Answer 8

Becomes the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 9

Cerebrum

Answer 9

Responsible for higher mental functions

Question 10

Cerebral cortex

Answer 10

1. Sensory perception
2. Voluntary control of movement
3. Language
4. Personality traits
5. Sophisticated mental events

Question 11

Corpus callosum

Answer 11

Thick band that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Question 12

Precentral gyrus - motor

Answer 12

in frontal lobe, is involved with motor control

Question 13

Postcentral gyrus - sensory

Answer 13

in parietal lobe, receives sensory info from areas controlled by precentral gyrus

Question 14

Frontal lobe

Answer 14

1. voluntary motor activity
2. speaking ability
3. elaboration of thought

Question 15

Parietal lobe

Answer 15

Receiving and processing sensory input

Question 16

Temporal lobe

Answer 16

Receives auditory sensation

Question 17

Occipital lobe

Answer 17

Carry out initial processing of visual input

Question 18

Insular lobe

Answer 18

memory encoding.
Integrates sensory info with visceral responses.
Coordinates cv response to stress.

Question 19

Broca’s area

Answer 19

Speech formation. Governs speaking ability.

Question 20

Wernicke’s area

Answer 20

Language comprehension

Question 21

Basal nuclei/basal ganglia

Answer 21

consist of several masses of gray natter located deep within the cerebral white matter

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

controls homeostatic functions

Question 23

Pituitary gland

Answer 23

Plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing. It is referred to as the body’s ‘master gland’ because it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands.

Question 24

Hippocampus

Answer 24

critical for acquiring new memories.

Contains neural stem cells that continually produce new neurons (neurogenesis)

Question 25

Limbic system

Answer 25

ring of fore-brain structures that surround the brain stem and are interconnected by intricate neuron pathways.

Question 26

Amygdala

Answer 26

Important for fear

Question 27

Substantia nigra

Answer 27

Dopamine producing neurons

Question 28

Pons

Answer 28

the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.

Question 29

Medulla oblongata

Answer 29

Responsible for autonomic functions.

Question 30

Cerebellum

Answer 30

1. Maintenance of balance
2. Enhancement of muscle tone
3. Coordination and planning of skilled voluntary muscle activity.

Question 31

Proprioceptors

Answer 31

Joint, tendon, and muscle receptors.

Awareness of body position.

Question 32

Reticular activating system

Answer 32

Sets level of arousal of cerebral cortex to incoming sensory information.
Stops sending action potentials to drift to sleep.

Question 33

Thalamus

Answer 33

Performs some primitive sensory processing

Question 34

Cerebrovascular accident - stroke

Answer 34

Blockage cause lack of blood/oxygen to reach brain. causes area of deprived tissue to die

Question 35

Thrombotic/embolic stroke

Answer 35

A thrombotic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke. This means a part of the brain gets injured because the artery that normally supplies blood to it gets blocked, so blood flow is reduced or stops completely.
An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body breaks loose and travels to the brain via the bloodstream. When the clot lodges in an artery and blocks the flow of blood, this causes a stroke. This is a type of ischemic stroke.

Question 36

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 36

A hemorrhagic stroke is either a brain aneurysm burst or a weakened blood vessel leak. Blood spills into or around the brain and creates swelling and pressure, damaging cells and tissue in the brain.