Lec 1- Intro/Homeostasis

Question 1

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Answer 1

Fluid outside the cell.

Question 2

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Answer 2

Fluid inside the cell.

Question 3

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 3

Fluid that surrounds and bathes the cell; acts as a buffer zone.
Found outside the cell.

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

Fluid portion of blood.

Found in arteries and veins.

Question 5

Physiology

Answer 5

The study of the function of living things.

Question 6

Pathophysiology

Answer 6

Refers to the abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease.

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.

Question 8

Negative Feedback

Answer 8

Elimination of the deviation from homeostasis.

Question 9

Positive Feedback

Answer 9

Amplifies the initial change from homeostasis; ex: fever.

Question 10

pH of human body avg

Answer 10

7.35-7.45

Question 11

Monosaccharides (Carb)

Answer 11

Simple sugars; glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 12

Polysaccharides (Carb)

Answer 12

Simple sugars linked together in chains; starch.

Question 13

Disaccharide (Carb)

Answer 13

Two sugar molecules; sucrose and lactose.

Question 14

Fatty Acid

Answer 14

One of the 5 general classes of lipid found in animals.
A simple lipid.
Polar head group + Nonpolar tail.
Overall hydrophobic/nonpolar.

Question 15

Glycerol

Answer 15

A 3 carbon alcohol that has three alcohol functional groups (-OH).
One part of triglyceride.

Question 16

Triglyceride

Answer 16

One of the 5 general classes of lipid found in animals.
A simple lipid.
Stored in fat cells, provide a ton of energy.
Made of 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids.

Question 17

Ketone Body

Answer 17

The end product of the conversion of free fatty acids in the liver.

Question 18

Phospholipid

Answer 18

One of the 5 general classes of lipids found in animals.
A complex lipid
Lipids that contain a phosphate group.
Are amphipathic; which means they contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.

Question 19

Steroid

Answer 19

One of the 5 general classes of lipids found in animals.
A complex lipid.
Contains a fused carbon ring system that contains 3 6-carbon rings and 1 5-carbon ring.

Question 20

Cholesterol

Answer 20

Is a percursor for steroid hormones and a component of cell membranes.
The most abundant steroid in the human body.

Question 21

Eicosanoid

Answer 21

One of the 5 general lipids found in animals.

Play a part in inflammation.

Question 22

Amino acids

Answer 22

Monomers, building block for proteins.

Only 20 commonly found in natural proteins.

Question 23

Amino group

Answer 23

Amino functional group (-NH2).

Part of an amino acid.

Question 24

Carboxylic group

Answer 24

Carboxyl functional group (-COOH).

Part of an amino acid.

Question 25

Protein structure: Primary

Answer 25

The order in which amino acids are bonded together to form a protein chain.

Question 26

Protein structure: Secondary

Answer 26

When hydrogen bonding occurs between the amino hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxyl oxygen of another amino acid in the same chain.
Alpha helix most common structure found in the body.

Question 27

Protein structure: Tertiary

Answer 27

When functional groups of the side chains of amino acids in the protein chain react with each other.

Question 28

Protein structure: Quaternary

Answer 28

When several polypeptides interact with one another.

Ex: Hemoglobin

Question 29

Nucleic acids

Answer 29

Store genetic info and use it to pass on to offspring.

Question 30

Transcription

Answer 30

Complement base pairings of free RNA nucleotides with their DNA counterparts in the exposed gene.

Question 31

Translation

Answer 31

The mRNA delivers the final coded message to the ribosomes for translation into a particular amino acid sequence to form a given protein.

Question 32

Glycogen

Answer 32

Storage carbohydrate.
Stored in liver and muscle cells.
Good source of energy for sudden strenuous activity,