Lec 1- Intro/Homeostasis Flashcards
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Fluid outside the cell.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Fluid inside the cell.
Interstitial Fluid
Fluid that surrounds and bathes the cell; acts as a buffer zone.
Found outside the cell.
Plasma
Fluid portion of blood.
Found in arteries and veins.
Physiology
The study of the function of living things.
Pathophysiology
Refers to the abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease.
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.
Negative Feedback
Elimination of the deviation from homeostasis.
Positive Feedback
Amplifies the initial change from homeostasis; ex: fever.
pH of human body avg
7.35-7.45
Monosaccharides (Carb)
Simple sugars; glucose, fructose and galactose
Polysaccharides (Carb)
Simple sugars linked together in chains; starch.
Disaccharide (Carb)
Two sugar molecules; sucrose and lactose.
Fatty Acid
One of the 5 general classes of lipid found in animals.
A simple lipid.
Polar head group + Nonpolar tail.
Overall hydrophobic/nonpolar.
Glycerol
A 3 carbon alcohol that has three alcohol functional groups (-OH).
One part of triglyceride.
Triglyceride
One of the 5 general classes of lipid found in animals.
A simple lipid.
Stored in fat cells, provide a ton of energy.
Made of 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids.
Ketone Body
The end product of the conversion of free fatty acids in the liver.
Phospholipid
One of the 5 general classes of lipids found in animals.
A complex lipid
Lipids that contain a phosphate group.
Are amphipathic; which means they contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.
Steroid
One of the 5 general classes of lipids found in animals.
A complex lipid.
Contains a fused carbon ring system that contains 3 6-carbon rings and 1 5-carbon ring.
Cholesterol
Is a percursor for steroid hormones and a component of cell membranes.
The most abundant steroid in the human body.
Eicosanoid
One of the 5 general lipids found in animals.
Play a part in inflammation.
Amino acids
Monomers, building block for proteins.
Only 20 commonly found in natural proteins.
Amino group
Amino functional group (-NH2).
Part of an amino acid.
Carboxylic group
Carboxyl functional group (-COOH).
Part of an amino acid.
Protein structure: Primary
The order in which amino acids are bonded together to form a protein chain.
Protein structure: Secondary
When hydrogen bonding occurs between the amino hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxyl oxygen of another amino acid in the same chain.
Alpha helix most common structure found in the body.
Protein structure: Tertiary
When functional groups of the side chains of amino acids in the protein chain react with each other.
Protein structure: Quaternary
When several polypeptides interact with one another.
Ex: Hemoglobin
Nucleic acids
Store genetic info and use it to pass on to offspring.
Transcription
Complement base pairings of free RNA nucleotides with their DNA counterparts in the exposed gene.
Translation
The mRNA delivers the final coded message to the ribosomes for translation into a particular amino acid sequence to form a given protein.
Glycogen
Storage carbohydrate.
Stored in liver and muscle cells.
Good source of energy for sudden strenuous activity,
