Lec 3- Proteins, Enzyme, Cellular Metabolism Flashcards
Differentiated Cell
A cell committed to becoming a certain type of cell.
Gene
A stretch of DNA that codes for synthesis of a particular polypeptide.
Transcription
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation
Translation is the process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds. It is essentially a translation from one code (nucleotide sequence) to another code (amino acid sequence).
Sickle cell anemia
Genetic defect that makes RBC stiff and and unnaturally shaped.
Tay Sachs
Abnormal accumulation of complex molecules found in nerve cells. Leads to nervous system degeneration.
The enzyme responsible for degrading GM2 is defective so that GM2 accumulates in the brain causing brain damage and early death.
Van der Waals Forces
Weakest bond in a protein, but can stabilize a structure.
Disulfide bond
Bond found in a protein. (covalent bond) requires an enzyme to break.
Enzyme
Helper molecules that exert amazing influence on the rates of chemical reactions that take place in the organisms.
It lowers the activation energy.
Substrate/Reactant
Modified by an enzyme.
Cofactor
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein’s biological activity. Many enzymes require cofactors to function properly. Cofactors can be considered “helper molecules” that assist enzymes in their action. Cofactors can be ions or organic molecules (called coenzymes).
Linear pathway
Single line of intermediates to final product.
Branched pathway
Intermediates branch to lead to two different final products. One is usually favored over the other.
Inhibitor
Works to keep the unwanted product form forming in a branched pathway.
End-product inhibition
Prevent the buildup of unwanted product in branched pathway.
