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Physiology > Lec 12- Blood composition and hemostasis > Flashcards

Lec 12- Blood composition and hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Formed elements

A

cellular elements of the blood

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2
Q

Plasma

A

A medium for materials being carried in the blood.

90% water.

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3
Q

Albumin

A

1 of 3 large plasma proteins.
60-80% (7-9% of plasma)
Creates colliod osmotic pressure that draws H2O from the interstitial fluid into capillaries to maintain blood volume and pressure.

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4
Q

Globulin

A

carry lipids.

gamma globulins are antibodies found in blood.

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5
Q

Fibrinogen

A

when activated (as fibrin) serves as a clotting factor.

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6
Q

Fibrin

A

Activated, clotting factor.

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7
Q

Serum

A

Fluid left when blood clots

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8
Q

Chylomicron

A

From small intestine to Apo B-48.

Transport cholesterol and lipids form intestine to liver and tissues via blood.

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9
Q

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

A

From liver to Apo B-100.
Transports cholesterol and lipids form liver to tissue.
Too much is bad, leads to build up and plaque.

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10
Q

HDL (high density lipoprotein)

A

Tissue and blood vessels - Apo A-1.

Transport excess cholesterol from tissues and delivers it to the liver.

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11
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells from stem cells in bone marrow

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12
Q

Erytrhocytes (RBC’s)

A

red blood cells

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13
Q

Erythropoeisis

A

formation of RBCs

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14
Q

Erythropoietin (Epo)

A

From kidneys, stimulates erythropoeisis

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15
Q

Bone marrow

A

creates new RBC’s

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16
Q

Heme group

A

iron core attracts oxygen

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17
Q

Folic acid

A

required for adequate DNA replication

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18
Q

B12

A

required for adequate DNA replication

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19
Q

Hemoglobin (Hb)

A

conatins heme group that carries Oxygen

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20
Q

Bilibrubin

A

Break down product of hemoglobin

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21
Q

ABO system

A

Blood types

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22
Q

Antigen

A

A substance (toxin, enzyme, or protein) that stimulates the production of antibodies.

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23
Q

Antibody

A

Attack antigens

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24
Q

Agglutinate/Agglutination

A

If different blood types are mixed, antibodies will cause mixture to agglutinate.

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25
Q

Universal donor

A

Type O

Lack A and B antigens.

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26
Q

Universal recepient

A

Type AB

Doesn’t make anti-A or anti-B bodies.

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27
Q

Rho(D)/Rh factor

A

Another type of antigen found on RBC’s.

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28
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A

When Rh- mother has Rh+ babies.
Mom may be exposed to fetal Rh+ blood, first time.
In later pregnancies mom may produce Rh antibodies.
Antibodies cross placenta causing hemolysis of fetal RBC’s.

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29
Q

Leukocytes (WBCs)

A

WBC’s

30
Q

Diapedesis/Extravasation

A

WBC, the ability to squeeze through capillary walls.

31
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

a form of hematopoiesis in which white blood cells (WBC, or leukocytes) are formed in bone marrow located in bones in adults and hematopoietic organs in the fetus.

32
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

its fragments form platelets

33
Q

Thrombocytes/Platelets

A

smallest formed elements, constitute most of mass of blood clot

34
Q

Granular leukocytes

A

Help detoxify foreign substances and release heparin.

Includes; eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils

35
Q

Eosinophils

A

1-3% of leukocytes.

Attack pathogens that cause allergies.

36
Q

Basophils

A

1 % of leukocytes.

Release heparin.

37
Q

Neutrophils

A

50-75% of leukocytes

Wrap around and phagocytize bad cells.

38
Q

Agranular leukocytes

A

Either destructive and/or phagocytic or produce antibodies.

Include; lymphocytes and monocytes.

39
Q

Monocytes - Macrophages

A

2-10%.

Become macrophages.

40
Q

Phagocyte/Phagocytosis

A

Destroy multicellular substances.

41
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Become either T or B cells.

42
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

When T cells attack infected host cells, cancer cells, and foreign cells.

43
Q

T cells

A

Do NOT secrete antibodies.

Attack infected host cells, cancer cells, and foreign cells.

44
Q

Thymus

A

Develops T cells.

45
Q

B cells

A

Mature in bone marrow.
Fight infections by secreting antibodies into blood and lymph.
Provide humoral immunity.

46
Q

Humoral immunity

A

From B cells.

Fight infections by secreting antibodies into blood and lymph.

47
Q

Hematocrit (~45%)

A

Packed cell volume.

Includes RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets.

48
Q

Anemia

A

Hematocrit = 30%.

49
Q

Polycythemia

A

Hematocrit = 70%

50
Q

Buffy coat

A

Platelets and leukocytes

51
Q

Hemostasis

A

cessation of bleeding.

52
Q

NO (nitric oxide)

A

Keeps clots from forming and are vasodilators.

Keep platelets from sticking.

53
Q

Collagen

A

Binds to platelets under the right circumstances to create clot.

54
Q

von Willebrand factor

A

Damage to endothelium allows platelets to bind to exposed collagen.
Increases bond by binding to both collagen and platelets.

55
Q

Platelet plug

A

ADP and thromboxane A2 cause other platelets to become sticky and attach and undergo platelet release reaction.
This constitutes until platelet plug is formed.

56
Q

Plug contraction

A

When clot contains platelets, fibrin, and trapped RBC’s.

Platelet plug undergoes plug contraction to form more compact plug

57
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

clots damaged vessels and blood left in test tube.

Initiated by exposure to negatively charged surface of glass or blood vessel collagen.

58
Q

Factor XII (Hageman factor)

A

Starts the intrinsic pathway.

59
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Damage outside blood vessels releases tissue thromboplastin that triggers a clotting shortcut.

60
Q

Tissue thromboplastin

A

Trigger clotting shortcut.

Very quick activation step.

61
Q

Prothrombin

A

Ca 2+ and phospholipids convert prothrombin to thrombin.

62
Q

Thrombin

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin which polymerizes to form a mesh.

63
Q

Kallikrein

A

When damage is repaied, activated factor XII (Hageman factor) cause activation of kallikrein, which is necessary to start the process to dissolve clots.
It converts plasminogen to plasmin.

64
Q

Plasmin

A

digests fibrin, dissolving clot.

65
Q

TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

A

Tissue plasminogen activator.

Plasminogen can be converted to plasmin by kallikrein.

66
Q

Ca2+ chelators

A

Anticoagulant.
Prevents clotting.
E.g. sodium citrate or EDTA.

67
Q

Sodium citrate

A

Anticoagulant.
is a Ca2+ chelator.
Prevents clotting.

68
Q

EDTA

A

Anticoagulant.
is a Ca2_ chelator.
Prevents clotting.

69
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant.

Activates antithrombin III (blocks thrombin)

70
Q

Coumarin

A

Anticoagulant.
Type drugs block clottin indirectly reducing effects of Ca2+ (through Vit K pathway) which results in slower clotting times)
i.e. warfarin, coumadin

Physiology (26 decks)

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