Lec 16- Cardiac System III

Question 1

Baroreceptors

Answer 1

stretch receptors

Question 2

Vasomotor control center

Answer 2

Receives AP’s from baroreceptors.

Located in medulla

Question 3

Cardiac control center

Answer 3

Receives AP’s from baroreceptors.
The integrating center that receives the afferent impulses about the state of the MAP; located in the medulla within the brain stem.

Question 4

Carotid sinus baroreceptor

Answer 4

Baroreceptor located on the carotid sinus.

Question 5

Aortic arch baroreceptor

Answer 5

Baroreceptor located on aoritc arch.

Question 6

Atrial stretch receptor

Answer 6

Are activated by increased venous return and act to reduce BP and decrease blood volume.

Question 7

ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 7

Inhibits aldosterone, promoting salt and water excretion to lower blood volume.
Promotes vasodialation, which will decrease EDV.

Question 8

Primary/Essential hypertension

Answer 8

is caused by complex and poorly understood processes.

Question 9

Secondary hypertension

Answer 9

is caused by known disease processes.

Question 10

Congestive heart failure

Answer 10

A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should.

Question 11

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 11

low blood volume. i.e. hemorrhage or dehydration.

Question 12

Septic shock

Answer 12

due to infection.

Often bacteria release endotoxins that can cause excess production of NO and massive vasodilation.

Question 13

Sepsis

Answer 13

infection

Question 14

Endotoxin

Answer 14

a toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates.

Question 15

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 15

rapid fall in BP due to release of histamines which cause vasodilation - this can be an immediate result of an allergic reaction to an insect sting or vaccine. Treatment is an EPI.

Question 16

Neurogenic shock

Answer 16

Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in low blood pressure, occasionally with a slowed heart rate, that is attributed to the disruption of the autonomic pathways within the spinal cord. It can occur after damage to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.

Question 17

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 17

Common following MI

Question 18

Colliod osmotic pressure

Answer 18

Caused by proteins in the plasma that cant go into the interstitial space.

Question 19

Starling forces

Answer 19

Is determined by net filtration pressure and forces opposing it.
Exchange of fluid between capillaries and tissues.

Question 20

(Ultra)filtration

Answer 20

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a pressure-driven barrier to suspended solids, bacteria, viruses, endotoxins and other pathogens to produce water with very high purity and low silt density. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which hydrostatic pressure forces a liquid against a semi permeable membrane.

Question 21

Reaborsption

Answer 21

FIND

Question 22

Asymptomatic

Answer 22

Danger of hypertension.

Don’t feel any symptoms.

Question 23

Lymphatic system

Answer 23

The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.

Question 24

Lymph

Answer 24

a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.

Question 25

Lymph duct

Answer 25

Where lymph empties.

Question 26

Lymph nodes

Answer 26

Make lymphocytes and contain phagocytic cells that remove pathogens.

Question 27

Thoracic duct

Answer 27

Where lymph goes through to go back to veins.

Question 28

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 28

Where lymph goes through to go back to veins.

Question 29

Edema

Answer 29

excessive accumulation of ECF

Question 30

Myxedema

Answer 30

Excess production of glycoproteins in extracellular matrix; from hypothyroidism.

Question 31

Continuous capilalries

Answer 31

Endothelial cells are tightly joined together,
Permit exchange of molecules smaller than proteins.
Present in muscle, lungs and adipose tissue.

Question 32

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 32

have wide intercellular pores.
Very permeable.
Present in kidneys, endocrine glands.

Question 33

Discontinuous cappillaries

Answer 33

have large gaps in endothelium.
Are large and leaky.
Present in liver, spleen and bone marrow.