Lec 16- Cardiac System III Flashcards
Baroreceptors
stretch receptors
Vasomotor control center
Receives AP’s from baroreceptors.
Located in medulla
Cardiac control center
Receives AP’s from baroreceptors.
The integrating center that receives the afferent impulses about the state of the MAP; located in the medulla within the brain stem.
Carotid sinus baroreceptor
Baroreceptor located on the carotid sinus.
Aortic arch baroreceptor
Baroreceptor located on aoritc arch.
Atrial stretch receptor
Are activated by increased venous return and act to reduce BP and decrease blood volume.
ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide
Inhibits aldosterone, promoting salt and water excretion to lower blood volume.
Promotes vasodialation, which will decrease EDV.
Primary/Essential hypertension
is caused by complex and poorly understood processes.
Secondary hypertension
is caused by known disease processes.
Congestive heart failure
A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should.
Hypovolemic shock
low blood volume. i.e. hemorrhage or dehydration.
Septic shock
due to infection.
Often bacteria release endotoxins that can cause excess production of NO and massive vasodilation.
Sepsis
infection
Endotoxin
a toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates.
Anaphylactic shock
rapid fall in BP due to release of histamines which cause vasodilation - this can be an immediate result of an allergic reaction to an insect sting or vaccine. Treatment is an EPI.
Neurogenic shock
Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in low blood pressure, occasionally with a slowed heart rate, that is attributed to the disruption of the autonomic pathways within the spinal cord. It can occur after damage to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.
Cardiogenic shock
Common following MI
Colliod osmotic pressure
Caused by proteins in the plasma that cant go into the interstitial space.
Starling forces
Is determined by net filtration pressure and forces opposing it.
Exchange of fluid between capillaries and tissues.
(Ultra)filtration
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a pressure-driven barrier to suspended solids, bacteria, viruses, endotoxins and other pathogens to produce water with very high purity and low silt density. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which hydrostatic pressure forces a liquid against a semi permeable membrane.
Reaborsption
FIND
Asymptomatic
Danger of hypertension.
Don’t feel any symptoms.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
Lymph
a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
Lymph duct
Where lymph empties.
Lymph nodes
Make lymphocytes and contain phagocytic cells that remove pathogens.
Thoracic duct
Where lymph goes through to go back to veins.
Right lymphatic duct
Where lymph goes through to go back to veins.
Edema
excessive accumulation of ECF
Myxedema
Excess production of glycoproteins in extracellular matrix; from hypothyroidism.
Continuous capilalries
Endothelial cells are tightly joined together,
Permit exchange of molecules smaller than proteins.
Present in muscle, lungs and adipose tissue.
Fenestrated capillaries
have wide intercellular pores.
Very permeable.
Present in kidneys, endocrine glands.
Discontinuous cappillaries
have large gaps in endothelium.
Are large and leaky.
Present in liver, spleen and bone marrow.
