Lec 26- Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Ovaries

Answer 1

contain large number of follicles that produce female gametes (eggs or ova) in ovarian cycle.

Question 2

Follicles

Answer 2

Produce female gametes (eggs or ova) in ovarian cycle.

Question 3

Fallopian tubes

Answer 3

Tube that connects ovaries to uterus.

Question 4

Fimbraie

Answer 4

Extension of fallopian tube that partially cover each ovary. Cilia of its lining draw in ovulated eggs.

Question 5

Perimetrium

Answer 5

1 of 3 uterus layers; outer layer of connective tissue.

Question 6

Myometrium

Answer 6

1 of 3 uterus layers; middle layer of smooth muscle.

Question 7

Endometrium

Answer 7

1 of 3 uterus layers; hormonally-responsive inner epithelial layer that is shed during menstration.

Question 8

Gestation

Answer 8

the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.

Question 9

Oogenia

Answer 9

Ovaries contain 6-7 million oogenia.

An immature female reproductive cell that gives rise to primary oocytes by mitosis.

Question 10

Oocytes

Answer 10

Toward end of gestation, oogenia become primary oocytes; which being meiosis but arrest in prophase I.

Question 11

Primary follicle

Answer 11

contain primary oocytes.

Consisting of oocyte + follicle cells

Question 12

Secondary follicle

Answer 12

Those primary follicles that continue on and develop vesicles.
Part of graafian follicle.

Question 13

Antrum

Answer 13

One follicle continues growth; vesicles fuse, forming fluid-filled cavity called and antrum.

Question 14

Graafian folicle

Answer 14

One follicle continues growth; vesicles fuse, forming fluid-filled cavity called and antrum.
Is now called a graafian follicle.

Question 15

Corona radiata

Answer 15

secondary oocyte is enclosed by ring of granulosa cells called corona radiata.

Question 16

Zona pellucida

Answer 16

Between oocyte and radiata is gelatinous layer called zona pellucida; which forms barrier to sperm penetration.

Question 17

Thecal cells

Answer 17

Theca cells are the endocrine cells associated with ovarian follicles that play an essential role in fertility by producing the androgen substrate required for ovarian estrogen biosynthesis. Thecal cells differentiate from the interfollicular stroma in response to proteins secreted from growing follicles.

Question 18

Artretic follicles

Answer 18

follicles that don’t survive; degenerate.

Did not receive enough FSH, so they die.

Question 19

Estrogen

Answer 19

Surviving graafian follicle forms bulge on surface of ovary; secretes increasing levels of E.

Question 20

Corpus luteum

Answer 20

LH causes empty follicle to become corpus luteum. Thecal cells use LH to make CL to make progesterone. If no fertilization occurs it becomes non-functional remnant.

Question 21

Progestorone

Answer 21

Secreted by CL

Question 22

Corpus albicans

Answer 22

non functional remnant that was once the CL; happens when no fertilization occurs

Question 23

Menstral cycle

Answer 23

around 28 days.

Dau one is the first day of menstration.

Question 24

Follicular phase

Answer 24

Days 1 through ovulation of mentral cycle.

Question 25

Luteal phase

Answer 25

Time from ovulation to menstration in menstral cycle.

Question 26

Menstrual phase

Answer 26

One of 3 endometrial changes.
Results from drop in P and E following CL degeneration. If no fertilization occurs.
Low P causes constrcition of spiral arteries.
Blood flow stops, cuasing necrosis and sloughing off of endometrium.

Question 27

Proliferative phase

Answer 27

one of the endometrial changes.
occurs during follicular phase; E levels increase
E causes cervical mucus to become thin and watery to allow sperm penetration.

Question 28

Secretory phase

Answer 28

One of 3 endometrial changes.
Occurs during luteal phase; endometriu, becomes ready for implantation.
P & E cause endometrium to become thick, vascular and spongy.
P causes cervial mucus to thicken and become sticky.

Question 29

Oral contraceptives

Answer 29

pills usualy contain synthetic E and P taken daily for 3 weeks after menstrual period.
Mimic CL so that negative feedback inhibits ovulation.

Question 30

Menopause

Answer 30

Woman no longer ovulates; no more eggs

Question 31

Fertilization

Answer 31

Normally occurs in fallopian tubes.

Egg and sperm meet and implant on endometrium.

Question 32

Capacitation

Answer 32

When freshly ejaculated sperm are infertile and must spend >7hrs in female reproductive tract to be fertile.

Question 33

Acrosomal reaction

Answer 33

Sperm tunneling through the barriers surrounding an ovum.
Once one sperm that interacts correctly with ZP3 receptors, the zona pellucida forms a barrier that won’t allow any other sperm to enter.

Question 34

Blasotcyst

Answer 34

Sperm and egg fused cell that enters the uterus.

Day 4 or 5 after fertilization

Question 35

hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin

Answer 35

Hormone produces by blastocyst.
Is similar to LH and keeps CL from degenerating - maintains E and P levels.
Early pregnancy tests detect this.
Declines by 10th week. Is only required for 1st 6 weeks at which time E and P from placenta take over.

Question 36

Cytotrophoblast

Answer 36

The cytotrophoblast (or layer of Langhans) is the inner layer of the trophoblast. It is interior to the syncytiotrophoblast and external to the wall of the blastocyst in a developing embryo.

Question 37

Syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 37

secretes enzymes that create blood-filled cavities in menstrual tissue.
Digest way into endometrial lining.

Question 38

Chorion frondosum

Answer 38

Cytotrophoblast forms villi that grow into cavities producing chorion frondosum on the uterine wall side.

Question 39

Parturition

Answer 39

Labor

Question 40

Oxytocin

Answer 40

Secretion of oxytocin starts uterine contraction and makes them stronger for birth.

Question 41

Mammary glands

Answer 41

Produce milk

Question 42

Mammary ducts

Answer 42

Send out milk to the nipple.