Lec 15- Cardiac System II

Question 1

Systole

Answer 1

The period of cardiac contracting and emptying.

Question 2

Diastole

Answer 2

The period of cardiac relaxation and filling.

Question 3

Viscosity

Answer 3

Blood thickness. Greater viscosity = greater resistance to flow.

Question 4

Poiseuilles law

Answer 4

describes factors affecting blood flow.

Question 5

MAP - mean arterial pressure

Answer 5

120/80 -> 93mmHg

Question 6

Arteries

Answer 6

carry blood away from the heart.

Muscular and elastic. Contains lots of elastin.

Question 7

Arterioles

Answer 7

Muscular. Provide the most resistance in circulatory system. Cause greatest pressure drop.

Question 8

Capillaries

Answer 8

Exchange of blood and oxygen for tissue.

Made of endothelial cells only.

Question 9

Venules

Answer 9

Return blood back to heart.

Made of endothelium and fibrous tissue.

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

Made of endothelium, elastic tissue, smooth muscle, and fibrous tissue.

Question 11

Endothelium

Answer 11

Endothelial cells. Allows for transport.

Question 12

Tunica externa

Answer 12

Layer of the arteries and veins.

Connective tissue.

Question 13

Tunica media

Answer 13

Layer of the arteries and veins,

Mostly smooth muscle.

Question 14

Tunic interna

Answer 14

Layer of the arteries and veins.

Made mostly of endothelium, basement membrane, and elastin.

Question 15

Vasocontriction

Answer 15

Arteries constrict, radius becomes smaller.

Question 16

Vasodilation

Answer 16

Enlargement of the circumference. Smoother muscle layer relaxing.

Question 17

Elastin

Answer 17

Give arteries elasticity so that they behave like a balloon.

Question 18

Precapillary sphincters

Answer 18

bands of smooth muscle that regulate the blood coming in to the capillaries.

Question 19

Skeletal muscle pump

Answer 19

Skeletal muscle contracts and helps bring blood back to heart from lower extremities of the body.

Question 20

LDL

Answer 20

lousy. Buildup leads to plaques.

Question 21

HDL

Answer 21

Good cholesterol.

Question 22

Artheriosclerosis

Answer 22

Progressive, degenerative disease that leads to the build up of blockage to affected vessels; reducing blood flow through them.

Question 23

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 23

the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, occurring typically in old age.

Question 24

Atheroma

Answer 24

Localized plaque

Question 25

Angiogram

Answer 25

Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers.

Question 26

Angioplasty

Answer 26

placement of a stent

Question 27

Thrombus

Answer 27

stationary blood clot

Question 28

Embolus

Answer 28

floating clot

Question 29

stent

Answer 29

pushes open an infected artery.

Question 30

Ischemia

Answer 30

occurs when blood supply to tissue is deficient. Cause buildup of lactic acid due to anaerobic metabolism.

Question 31

Angina pectoris

Answer 31

pain in chest

Question 32

MI

Answer 32

myocardial infarction. Heart attack.

Question 33

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

Answer 33

High levels of this and lactate dehydrogenase = heart attack

Question 34

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Answer 34

High levels of this and CPK = heart attack.

Question 35

Myogenic regulation

Answer 35

When BP increases, cerebral arterioles constrict; when BP decreases, arterioles dilate.

Question 36

Metabolic regulation

Answer 36

Arterioles are very sensitive to increases in local neural activity.
Ares of brain with high metabolic activity receive most blood.

Question 37

Cutaneous

Answer 37

skin sensors that detect thermal change?

Question 38

Thermoregulation

Answer 38

Skin serves as heat exchanger for thermoregulation.