Lec 22- Fluid Balance and Osmolarity Control Flashcards
Secretion
Release to a cell’s exterior, on appropriate stimulation, of substances produced by the cells
Excretion
Excretion = Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion
Rid from body
Renal plasma clearance
AKA Renal clearance
Refers to ability of kidney to remove substances from blood and excrete them in urine.
PAH - para-aminohippuric
PAH clearance is used to measure total renal blood flow.
Normally avgs 625 ml/min
Inulin
a fructose polymer, is useful for measuring GFR because it is neither reabsorbed or secreted.
Creatinine
Used in GFR test; to test how much filtrate is being formed.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/Vasopressin
is secreted from the posterior pituitary/ It conserves body water by reducing the output of urine.
Aldosterone
A mineralcorticoid released from adrenal cortex.
Causes;
1) a decrease in blood potassium levels
2) a high rate of urinary sodium reabsorption, which will produce an increase in the volume of blood.
Renin
Kindey’s sense either a decrease in blood volume or a decrease in blood Na+ levels and then release the hormone Renin.
ACE - angiotensin coverting enzyme
Contained in blood vessel endothelium. Converts ANG I in plasma to ANG II in plamsa.
Angiotensin
Stimulates increase of aldosterone.
ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide
Stimulated by atrial myocardial cells stretch and release this.
Stimulates hypothalamus, kidney, adrenal cortex and medulla oblongata. Which all end up increasing NaCl and H2O excretion.
GFR
Glomerular Filtration Rate.
180 L in males; 160 L in females.
Mineralorticoids
Involved in maintaining salt balance in body. Synthesized from cholesterol.
Renal Theshold
The plasma concentration at at which the Tm of a particular substance is reached and the substance first starts appearing in the urine.
