Lec 13- Autonomic and somatic nervous system

Question 1

Preganglionic neuron

Answer 1

originates in the brainstem or the spinal cord.

Question 2

Postganglionic neuron

Answer 2

lies outside the central nervous system in collections of nerve cells called autonomic ganglia.

Question 3

Autonomic ganglion

Answer 3

are clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites. They are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery.

Question 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

fight or flight

Question 5

Sympathetic chain ganglia/paravertebral ganglia

Answer 5

Most then synapse on postganlionics here.

Which form chain of interconnected ganglia paralleling spinal cord.

Question 6

Adrenal medulla

Answer 6

is a modified sympathetic ganglion that does not give rise to postganglionic fibers.
Release 85% Epi and 15% Norepi in response to preganglionic stimulation.

Question 7

Epinephrine (Epi)

Answer 7

adrenaline.

Question 8

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

Answer 8

rest and digest.

Question 9

Terminal ganglia

Answer 9

located next to or within target organ.

Question 10

Vagus nerve/cranial nerve X

Answer 10

carries most parasymp fibers.

Innervates heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intetsine, and upper half of large intestine.

Question 11

Cholinergic -> ACh

Answer 11

Parasymp postganglionics, because release acetylcholine.

Question 12

Adrenergic -> NE

Answer 12

Most symp postganlionics release Norepi

Question 13

ACh/acetylcholine

Answer 13

Symp and parasymp preganglionic fibers both release this.

Question 14

NE/Noreoinenephrine

Answer 14

Most symp postganlionic fibers release this.

Question 15

Agonist

Answer 15

Binds to the NT’s receptor and causes the same response as the NT would.

Question 16

Antagonist

Answer 16

Binds with the receptor, preventing the NT from binding and causing a response, yet causes no response itself.

Question 17

Nicotine

Answer 17

An agonist to nicotinic

Question 18

Curare

Answer 18

An antagoist to nicotinic

Question 19

Muscarine

Answer 19

An agonist to muscarinic

Question 20

Atropine

Answer 20

An agonist to muscarinic

Question 21

a1,a2,B1,B2

Answer 21

two major classes of adrenergic receptors for NE and Epi

Question 22

Phenylephrine (PE)

Answer 22

Alpha receptor non-selective agonist.

Question 23

Phenocybenzamine

Answer 23

Alpha receptor non-selective antagonist.

Question 24

Isoproteronol

Answer 24

Beta receptor non-selective agonist.

Treats congestive heart failure.

Question 25

Albuterol

Answer 25

B2 agonist. | Used in inhalers for bronchial dialation.

Question 26

Propranolol

Answer 26

Beta receptor non-selective antagonist. | Decreases stimulation of heart rate via B1, but bronchial constricts asthmatics via antagonism of B2.

Question 27

Atenolol

Answer 27

Current beta-blocker (antagonist) for angina pectoralis, which is selective for B1 receptors.

Question 28

Ephedrine

Answer 28

general stimulant of NE release.

Question 29

Amphetamines

Answer 29

general stimulant of NE release.

Question 30

Cocaine

Answer 30

Prevent NE re-uptake.

Question 31

Variscosites

Answer 31

NT released along a series of synapses. | swellings in autonomic postganglionic fibers that simultaneously release NT over a large area of an innervated organ.

Question 32

Synapses en passant

Answer 32

Variscosities. | Multiunit requires nerve stimulation by ANS

Question 33

Dual innervation

Answer 33

Innervation of a single organ by both branches of the ANS.