Lec 17- Human ECG's and Innate immunology

Question 1

Electrocardium

Answer 1

An electrical activity record of the heart; using surface electrodes.

Question 2

Dipole

Answer 2

a pair of equal and oppositely charged or magnetized poles separated by a distance.

Question 3

QRS complex

Answer 3

ventricular depolarization

Question 4

T-wave

Answer 4

ventricular repolarization

Question 5

P-R interval

Answer 5

AV nodal delay

Question 6

Arrhythmia

Answer 6

Any variation from the normal rhythm and sequence of excitation of the heart.

Question 7

Myopathes

Answer 7

Damage to heart walls

Question 8

Bradycardia

Answer 8

Slower than normal heart beat.

Fewer than 60 beats a minute.

Question 9

Tachycardia

Answer 9

Faster than normal heart beat.

More than 100 beats per minutes.

Question 10

Flutter

Answer 10

FIND

Question 11

Fibrillation

Answer 11

FIND

Question 12

Electrical defribrillaltion

Answer 12

FIND

Question 13

1st degree (primary) AV block

Answer 13

(PR > 0.2 sec)

Long conduction through AV node.

Question 14

2nd degree (secondary) AV block

Answer 14

When only 1 out of 2-4 atrial AP’s can pass to ventricles.

Causes P waves with no QRS

Question 15

3rd degree (complete) AV block

Answer 15

No atrial activity passes to ventricles.

Ventricles driven slowly by bundle of his or purkinje fibers.

Question 16

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Answer 16

Produced only by microorganisms.

Question 17

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS-gram neg)

Answer 17

gram bacteria?

Question 18

Peptidoglycan

Answer 18

from gram +s

Question 19

Extravasation

Answer 19

WBCs from blood exit capillaries by extravasation.

Question 20

Diapedesis

Answer 20

WBCs from blood exit capillaries.

Question 21

Pyrogens

Answer 21

release by WBCs in response to endotoxin from gram-bracteria

Question 22

Opsinization

Answer 22

As inflammation progresses, B cells produce antibodies against bacterial anitgens.
Attachment of antibodies to antigens amplifies nonspecific responses because of complement activation & promotes phagocytic activity of neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes (=opsinization)

Question 23

Mast cells

Answer 23

release histamine

Question 24

Heparin

Answer 24

release by granular leukocytes.

Question 25

Histamine

Answer 25

dilates local blood vessels and widens capillary pores.

Question 26

Leukotriene

Answer 26

any of a group of biologically active compounds, originally isolated from leukocytes. They are metabolites of arachidonic acid, containing three conjugated double bonds.