Lakes

Question 1

How can lakes vary?

Answer 1

Physical characteristics, chemical, ecology

Question 2

When is phosphorous considered limiting?

Answer 2

> 16:1

Question 3

What are the physical descriptors of a lake?

Answer 3

Length width breadth depth shoreline length light availability

Question 4

Name a lava dammed lake in Africa?

Answer 4

Lake Kivu

Question 5

Name a crater lake in Africa?

Answer 5

Naivasha, close to lake George

Question 6

Name a Rift Valley lake in Africa?

Answer 6

Tanganiyka, Malawi, Turkana, Edward

Question 7

Name flood plain lagoons in Africa?

Answer 7

Bangwelu, Mweru

Question 8

What is lake residence time?

Answer 8

Amount of time water stays in a lake?

Question 9

What is the equation for residence time?

Answer 9

Volume / mean rate of inflow

Question 10

What are the average wavelengths of active radiation?

Answer 10

400-700nm

Question 11

What is the worlds deepest lake?

Answer 11

Baikal, 1620m

Question 12

What are lake Baikal and Tanganyika?

Answer 12

Tectonic lakes

Question 13

What is the middle part of a Rift Valley called?

Answer 13

Horst

Question 14

What is the length and width of baikal?

Answer 14

636km by 80km

Question 15

What is the shoreline length of baikal?

Answer 15

2,100km

Question 16

What makes up baikal?

Answer 16

3 depressions, making up 20% of the worlds fresh water

Question 17

How many species of fauna and flora live around lake baikal?

Answer 17

1,200 animal species 1,000 plants

Question 18

What is a thermokarst lake?

Answer 18

Formed in tundra rapid heating then freezing, pool like

Question 19

What lakes are caused by river meanders?

Answer 19

Oxbow lakes

Question 20

How can glaciers form lakes?

Answer 20

I’ve scour creates cirque lakes, also kettle lakes

Question 21

Describe the features of a lake used for hydropower?

Answer 21

Water released periodically, widely fluctuating river flow

Question 22

Give an example of a dam used for hydropower?

Answer 22

Hoover dam

Question 23

Describe a flood storage lake?

Answer 23

Water stored during winter, released during summer, more stable flow regime

Question 24

What is a lotic body of water?

Answer 24

River

Question 25

What is a lentic system?

Answer 25

Lake, standing water

Question 26

How does velocity impact lakes?

Answer 26

Less significant than rivers

Question 27

What is depth important for in rivers?

Answer 27

Light penetration and temperature regime

Question 28

What are common in lakes over the year?

Answer 28

Seasonal patterns In temp

Question 29

What kind of production is more prevalent?

Answer 29

Autochthonous, benthic algae and macro phytes

Question 30

What is the upper warmer layer of the lake?

Answer 30

Epilimnion

Question 31

What is the lower level of the lake called?

Answer 31

Hypolimnion

Question 32

What is the separation called in the lake between the upper and lower parts of the lake?

Answer 32

Thermocline

Question 33

Why is stratification important in the lake?

Answer 33

Nutrient cycling and oxygen availability

Question 34

When does the thermocline form?

Answer 34

Summer

Question 35

Why was lake Bala grounds for research in 1997?

Answer 35

Around summer stratification caused low oxygen at the lowest part of the lake

Question 36

Which fish was endangered in Bala?

Answer 36

Gwyniad

Question 37

What are limiting factors for plants in the lake?

Answer 37

Nutrients and light

Question 38

Where does green algae production take place in the lake?

Answer 38

Top of the lake

Question 39

Where does energy loss go into the lake?

Answer 39

Heat

Question 40

Where does the major herbivore production take place?

Answer 40

Under the green algae layer, above carnivore layer

Question 41

What is turbidity?

Answer 41

Light intercepted by suspended particles

Question 42

Why would turbidity effect plankton growth?

Answer 42

Limits photosynthesis

Question 43

What influences lake colour?

Answer 43

Dissolved substances eg humic acids in peaty waters

Question 44

How can we measure light penetration?

Answer 44

Secchi disk, lower below water

Question 45

What are oilgotrophic lakes?

Answer 45

Nutrient poor, low productivity, high transparency in the epilimnon high dissolved oxygen in the hypolimnon

Question 46

What are eutrophic lakes?

Answer 46

Nutrient rich, high productivity, low transparency on the epilimnon, low dissolved oxygen

Question 47

Where does meso trophic lakes sit between oilgotrophic and eutrophic?

Answer 47

In the middle

Question 48

What are the producers in a lake?

Answer 48

Phytoplankton, littorella (shore weed), nuphar lutea

Question 49

What animals and plants does the lake support?

Answer 49

Algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals

Question 50

What adaptations do small invertebrates have to breathe underwater?

Answer 50

Breathing tubes

Question 51

What can small phytoplankton do?

Answer 51

Float up and down in water, but change elevation

Question 52

What is a classic lake fish?

Answer 52

Roach

Question 53

What predators can be found in lakes?

Answer 53

Perch, pike, osprey and otter

Question 54

What are the main consumers?

Answer 54

Pelagic and benthic invertebrates

Question 55

What are the smaller lake invertebrates?

Answer 55

Cladocera, phantom midge larvae

Question 56

What is a common hyaline adaptation for lake animals?

Answer 56

Very see through

Question 57

What are normally the keystone species?

Answer 57

Fish

Question 58

What is the keystone species of lake Bala?

Answer 58

Gwiniad, Lyn tegid

Question 59

What does the gwyniad eat?

Answer 59

Plankton

Question 60

Where is it common to get dominan species?

Answer 60

High latitudes or extreme conditions, one species adapts well

Question 61

What limits growth in winter?

Answer 61

Chlorophyll lack of light

Question 62

What happens to the lake in spring?

Answer 62

Plants use up all the nutrients, lots of chlorophyll

Question 63

What is euphoric depth?

Answer 63

Within which photosynthesis is possible

Question 64

What is littoral zone?

Answer 64

Lake bed where plants can grow

Question 65

What is profundal zone?

Answer 65

Lake bed where there is no plant growth

Question 66

How much light do phytoplankton need

Answer 66

At least 1%