10. RCC

Question 1

What is the RCC?

Answer 1

River continuum concept

Question 2

Who was the first person to think of the river as part of a system?

Answer 2

Noel hynes the stream and it’s valley

Question 3

What does the valley determine?

Answer 3

Rock types, slope, biological community

Question 4

What is TOC?

Answer 4

Total organic carbon

Question 5

What are autographs?

Answer 5

Primary producers

Question 6

What are secondary producers?

Answer 6

Heterotrophs

Question 7

What are the functional feeding groups?

Answer 7

Shredders, collectors, scrapers, predators

Question 8

What is a river pool?

Answer 8

Area before blockage

Question 9

What is a river riffle?

Answer 9

Area after pool flow

Question 10

What is a river glide?

Answer 10

Area after riffle, flat water

Question 11

How large is a reach system?

Answer 11

10’1m

Question 12

Why is it important to view the river from different spatial scales?

Answer 12

So we get a better understanding about the scale and structure of the river

Question 13

What is riparian vegetation?

Answer 13

Plants that grow on the edges of the stream

Question 14

What is woody debris?

Answer 14

More than 1m long 10cm in width

Question 15

What does DOC stand for?

Answer 15

Dissolved organic carbon

Question 16

What does POC stand for?

Answer 16

Particulate organic carbon

Question 17

What is CPOM?

Answer 17

Coarse particulate organic material, more than 1mm

Question 18

What feeding group feeds off CPOM?

Answer 18

Shredders

Question 19

What is FPOM?

Answer 19

Fine particulate organic matter, less than 1mm

Question 20

What feeding groups eats FPOM?

Answer 20

Collectors

Question 21

Give examples of primary producers?

Answer 21

Moss, phytoplankton, other autotrophs

Question 22

What is the first stage of river leaf decay?

Answer 22

Leaching, 25%mass lost in 24 hours

Question 23

What is organic carbon that originated outside the stream called?

Answer 23

All allochthonous carbon

Question 24

Where is a common place for diatoms to grow?

Answer 24

Surface stones

Question 25

Who developed the river continuum concept?

Answer 25

Vannote et al 1980, introduced in 1980 to explain adjustments in biological communities

Question 26

What is organic carbon that comes from the stream called?

Answer 26

Autochthonous carbon, eg diatoms

Question 27

What are the common terrestrial elements found within rivers?

Answer 27

Ca, Mg, K, Na, Si, Cl

Question 28

Why are rivers important for the global nutrient cycle?

Answer 28

Take nutrients to the oceans

Question 29

What is Hemimetabolous?

Answer 29

Incomplete metamorphosis leads the insect to develop in a series of instars, normally 6-12

Question 30

What is Homonetabolous?

Answer 30

Insect has a complete metamorphosis, in to a larvae this pupae then turns into a fully grown adult

Question 31

Who developed the functional feeding group idea?

Answer 31

Cummins 1974

Question 32

What are shredders?

Answer 32

Use CPOM, normally leaves from riparian zones, eg stone fly, create FPOM in the process

Question 33

What are collectors?

Answer 33

Gatherers which collect organic matter from the bed of the river eg chironomidae

Question 34

What are collectors?

Answer 34

Filterers, filter FPOM from the water column eg simuliidae

Question 35

What are collector filterers?

Answer 35

Mix of the two, eg caddisfly, can spin nets to trap pray

Question 36

What are scrapers?

Answer 36

Scrape attached algae from the surface of stones, normally flat to reduce drag

Question 37

What elements are limiting to productivity?

Answer 37

C,P,N

Question 38

What is the name of the process that a nutrient atom goes through on the way down rivers?

Answer 38

Nutrient cycling

Question 39

What are river predators?

Answer 39

Eat the other kinds of invertebrate, invertebrates or small fish

Question 40

What is the second stage of leaf decay?

Answer 40

Conditioning, colonised by fungi using n and p, lasts about 30 days

Question 41

What is the third stage of river leaf decay?

Answer 41

Invertebrate shredding?now tasty leaves are rated by invertebrates, 20% loss, CPOM to FPOM

Question 42

What is the 4th stage of leave decay?

Answer 42

Physical abrasion, CPOM to FPOM

Question 43

What do some leaves use to stop breakdown?

Answer 43

Chemicals that deter insects

Question 44

Who created stream order?

Answer 44

Strahler

Question 45

What are the most common feeders at the upland reaches of the river?

Answer 45

Collectors 50% and shredders around 40%

Question 46

What feeders are common at the middle reaches of the river?

Answer 46

Grazer and collectors about 45% each

Question 47

What fish inhabit the upper reaches of the rcc?

Answer 47

Trout grayling

Question 48

What are the main feeding groups at the lowland reaches of the RCC?

Answer 48

Collectors and predators

Question 49

Which is the only feeding group to be found all throughout the RCC?

Answer 49

Collectors

Question 50

Why are there few scrapers in the headwaters?

Answer 50

Low light penetration causes low periphyton

Question 51

What stream order is a head water stream?

Answer 51

1-3

Question 52

What is longitudinal displacement termed as in the river?

Answer 52

Nutrient spiralling

Question 53

How long is an atom traveled downstream in an inorganic form?

Answer 53

90%

Question 54

Why are organic forms relitievly stationary?

Answer 54

Because plants and invertebrates don’t move much

Question 55

Why are large steams dominated by collectors?

Answer 55

Little light on the bed

Question 56

Name a place where river see little detritus?

Answer 56

Nz lack of river trees

Question 57

What natural process and interrupt rivers?

Answer 57

Beaver dams

Question 58

What is the argument for fictional feedin groups?

Answer 58

Aren’t insects always generalists

Question 59

How much co2 is dissolved within rivers?

Answer 59

80%

Question 60

How much carbon is stored in small rivers?

Answer 60

<1g c/m

Question 61

What impact visually can dissolved carbon have?

Answer 61

Change in river colour

Question 62

How is DOC uptaken?

Answer 62

By organic layers on stones or Aufwuchs

Question 63

What forms the layout of the aufwuchs?

Answer 63

Bacteria, enzymes, fungal hypha, cyano bacteria

Question 64

What is DIC?

Answer 64

Dissolved inorganic carbon

Question 65

How is detritus trapped in a aufwuch?

Answer 65

By fungal hypha, colonised by yeast and bacteria

Question 66

What is the equation for the nutrient cycle?

Answer 66

Spiral length S, =uptake length Sw + Turnover length So

Question 67

What is uptake length?

Answer 67

Average distance travelled by a nutrient molecule in organic form before removal from the water column

Question 68

What are the 2 factors influencing nutrient uptake?

Answer 68

Biochemical, the biota doing the uptake, bacteria fungus algae. Geomorphology, physical properties of the channel, dictates residence time

Question 69

What does the retention of the system depend on?

Answer 69

Tightness of the spirals

Question 70

What does fluvial Geomorphology retention depend on?

Answer 70

Hydrology, size of particle. Heterogeneity of the stream bed, LWD

Question 71

Where are aural rates short?

Answer 71

Where nutrients are high in demand

Question 72

What are hypotheic zones?

Answer 72

Important areas of nutrient processing. Strong gradients in oxygen status create redox gradients, water moves slowly through bed sediments

Question 73

What did people think before Noel hynes paper?

Answer 73

The stream was devoid of the valley and its surroundings

Question 74

What determines ion availability in rivers?

Answer 74

Rock types, can control buffering

Question 75

What is the name for the river hierarchical scale?

Answer 75

Mesosystems

Question 76

How large normally is the riparian margin?

Answer 76

20-30 meters

Question 77

What are the two types of collector?

Answer 77

Gatherer and filterers