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Year 2 Ecological Systems > 10. RCC > Flashcards

10. RCC Flashcards

1
Q

What is the RCC?

A

River continuum concept

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2
Q

Who was the first person to think of the river as part of a system?

A

Noel hynes the stream and it’s valley

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3
Q

What does the valley determine?

A

Rock types, slope, biological community

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4
Q

What is TOC?

A

Total organic carbon

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5
Q

What are autographs?

A

Primary producers

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6
Q

What are secondary producers?

A

Heterotrophs

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7
Q

What are the functional feeding groups?

A

Shredders, collectors, scrapers, predators

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8
Q

What is a river pool?

A

Area before blockage

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9
Q

What is a river riffle?

A

Area after pool flow

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10
Q

What is a river glide?

A

Area after riffle, flat water

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11
Q

How large is a reach system?

A

10’1m

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12
Q

Why is it important to view the river from different spatial scales?

A

So we get a better understanding about the scale and structure of the river

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13
Q

What is riparian vegetation?

A

Plants that grow on the edges of the stream

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14
Q

What is woody debris?

A

More than 1m long 10cm in width

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15
Q

What does DOC stand for?

A

Dissolved organic carbon

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16
Q

What does POC stand for?

A

Particulate organic carbon

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17
Q

What is CPOM?

A

Coarse particulate organic material, more than 1mm

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18
Q

What feeding group feeds off CPOM?

A

Shredders

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19
Q

What is FPOM?

A

Fine particulate organic matter, less than 1mm

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20
Q

What feeding groups eats FPOM?

A

Collectors

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21
Q

Give examples of primary producers?

A

Moss, phytoplankton, other autotrophs

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22
Q

What is the first stage of river leaf decay?

A

Leaching, 25%mass lost in 24 hours

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23
Q

What is organic carbon that originated outside the stream called?

A

All allochthonous carbon

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24
Q

Where is a common place for diatoms to grow?

A

Surface stones

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25
Q

Who developed the river continuum concept?

A

Vannote et al 1980, introduced in 1980 to explain adjustments in biological communities

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26
Q

What is organic carbon that comes from the stream called?

A

Autochthonous carbon, eg diatoms

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27
Q

What are the common terrestrial elements found within rivers?

A

Ca, Mg, K, Na, Si, Cl

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28
Q

Why are rivers important for the global nutrient cycle?

A

Take nutrients to the oceans

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29
Q

What is Hemimetabolous?

A

Incomplete metamorphosis leads the insect to develop in a series of instars, normally 6-12

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30
Q

What is Homonetabolous?

A

Insect has a complete metamorphosis, in to a larvae this pupae then turns into a fully grown adult

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31
Q

Who developed the functional feeding group idea?

A

Cummins 1974

32
Q

What are shredders?

A

Use CPOM, normally leaves from riparian zones, eg stone fly, create FPOM in the process

33
Q

What are collectors?

A

Gatherers which collect organic matter from the bed of the river eg chironomidae

34
Q

What are collectors?

A

Filterers, filter FPOM from the water column eg simuliidae

35
Q

What are collector filterers?

A

Mix of the two, eg caddisfly, can spin nets to trap pray

36
Q

What are scrapers?

A

Scrape attached algae from the surface of stones, normally flat to reduce drag

37
Q

What elements are limiting to productivity?

A

C,P,N

38
Q

What is the name of the process that a nutrient atom goes through on the way down rivers?

A

Nutrient cycling

39
Q

What are river predators?

A

Eat the other kinds of invertebrate, invertebrates or small fish

40
Q

What is the second stage of leaf decay?

A

Conditioning, colonised by fungi using n and p, lasts about 30 days

41
Q

What is the third stage of river leaf decay?

A

Invertebrate shredding?now tasty leaves are rated by invertebrates, 20% loss, CPOM to FPOM

42
Q

What is the 4th stage of leave decay?

A

Physical abrasion, CPOM to FPOM

43
Q

What do some leaves use to stop breakdown?

A

Chemicals that deter insects

44
Q

Who created stream order?

A

Strahler

45
Q

What are the most common feeders at the upland reaches of the river?

A

Collectors 50% and shredders around 40%

46
Q

What feeders are common at the middle reaches of the river?

A

Grazer and collectors about 45% each

47
Q

What fish inhabit the upper reaches of the rcc?

A

Trout grayling

48
Q

What are the main feeding groups at the lowland reaches of the RCC?

A

Collectors and predators

49
Q

Which is the only feeding group to be found all throughout the RCC?

A

Collectors

50
Q

Why are there few scrapers in the headwaters?

A

Low light penetration causes low periphyton

51
Q

What stream order is a head water stream?

A

1-3

52
Q

What is longitudinal displacement termed as in the river?

A

Nutrient spiralling

53
Q

How long is an atom traveled downstream in an inorganic form?

A

90%

54
Q

Why are organic forms relitievly stationary?

A

Because plants and invertebrates don’t move much

55
Q

Why are large steams dominated by collectors?

A

Little light on the bed

56
Q

Name a place where river see little detritus?

A

Nz lack of river trees

57
Q

What natural process and interrupt rivers?

A

Beaver dams

58
Q

What is the argument for fictional feedin groups?

A

Aren’t insects always generalists

59
Q

How much co2 is dissolved within rivers?

A

80%

60
Q

How much carbon is stored in small rivers?

A

<1g c/m

61
Q

What impact visually can dissolved carbon have?

A

Change in river colour

62
Q

How is DOC uptaken?

A

By organic layers on stones or Aufwuchs

63
Q

What forms the layout of the aufwuchs?

A

Bacteria, enzymes, fungal hypha, cyano bacteria

64
Q

What is DIC?

A

Dissolved inorganic carbon

65
Q

How is detritus trapped in a aufwuch?

A

By fungal hypha, colonised by yeast and bacteria

66
Q

What is the equation for the nutrient cycle?

A

Spiral length S, =uptake length Sw + Turnover length So

67
Q

What is uptake length?

A

Average distance travelled by a nutrient molecule in organic form before removal from the water column

68
Q

What are the 2 factors influencing nutrient uptake?

A

Biochemical, the biota doing the uptake, bacteria fungus algae. Geomorphology, physical properties of the channel, dictates residence time

69
Q

What does the retention of the system depend on?

A

Tightness of the spirals

70
Q

What does fluvial Geomorphology retention depend on?

A

Hydrology, size of particle. Heterogeneity of the stream bed, LWD

71
Q

Where are aural rates short?

A

Where nutrients are high in demand

72
Q

What are hypotheic zones?

A

Important areas of nutrient processing. Strong gradients in oxygen status create redox gradients, water moves slowly through bed sediments

73
Q

What did people think before Noel hynes paper?

A

The stream was devoid of the valley and its surroundings

74
Q

What determines ion availability in rivers?

A

Rock types, can control buffering

75
Q

What is the name for the river hierarchical scale?

A

Mesosystems

76
Q

How large normally is the riparian margin?

A

20-30 meters

77
Q

What are the two types of collector?

A

Gatherer and filterers

Year 2 Ecological Systems (23 decks)

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