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Year 2 Ecological Systems > 6. Ecosystem Engineers > Flashcards

6. Ecosystem Engineers Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ecosystem engineer?

A

Organisms that modify or maintain a habitat

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2
Q

Give examples of how humans are ecosystem engineers?

A

Dams, bird boxes

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3
Q

What are the two main ecosystem engineer types

A

Allognenic and autogenic

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4
Q

What is an allogenic engineer?

A

Change the environment by transforming living or non living materials from one physical state to another

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5
Q

What is an autogenic engineer?

A

Change the environment just by existing, decomposing,

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6
Q

Which allogenic engineer builds dams?

A

Beaver

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7
Q

Why do beavers build dams?

A

Protection, shelter, food stores he

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8
Q

What does the created porcupine do to change the environment?

A

Digs large soil pits, supports higher species richness

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9
Q

What is a geomyidae?

A

Pocket gopher

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10
Q

How is the gopher adapted to its environment?

A

Powerful digging muscles, tolerant of low co2 levels

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11
Q

What are the direct impacts from gophers?

A

Eat plants, move plants

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12
Q

What indirect do gophers have on the environment?

A

Making mounds, creating different eco climates

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13
Q

Why do gophers do so much damage to plants?

A

Eating 25% of the root is worse than 75% of the leaves

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14
Q

How deep are gopher tunnels?

A

6-20cm horizontal

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15
Q

Where is soil deposited?

A

Mounds or backfill tunnels

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16
Q

How much more energy does digging as a gopher use up?

A

360-3400 times

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17
Q

How much soil do gophers move a year?

A

17.8m3 ha per year

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18
Q

What does the gopher do to the soils?0

A

Verticals and horizontal soil mixing, sediment transport

19
Q

What effect do gophers have on plant speciation?

A

Enhances germination, seedling mortality

20
Q

Give examples of autogenic engineers?

A

Trees coral and giant kelp

21
Q

What trees grow in the California steam belt?

A

Red woods

22
Q

What do redwoods facilitate?

A

Colonisation by providing structure for growth

23
Q

How high can trees grow on redwoods?

A

98m

24
Q

What forms from the red woods which also facilitates growth?

A

Canopy soil

25
Q

Give examples of epiphyte trees on redwood?

A

Oak, bay, spruce, fur, hemlock ect

26
Q

Which trees do animals live on?

A

Legacy trees, longer been around

27
Q

Give an example of a reptile on the redwood?

A

Clouded salamander

28
Q

Give more examples of animals on redwoods?

A

Beetles crickets worms molluscs

29
Q

Which tree provides home for moneys?

A

Money ladder lianas tree

30
Q

What do humans do to river beds that changes the environment?

A

Dredge

31
Q

How does the caterpillar alter her environment?

A

Shelter building. Rolls leaves over, can create environments for others

32
Q

How do woodpeckers alter the environment?

A

Create holes that other species inhabit

33
Q

What do gophers leave space for?

A

Colonists

34
Q

What percentage of redwood forests are logged?

A

96%

35
Q

How old can the red woods live to?

A

2200yr

36
Q

How does canapoy soil form?

A

Decomposing leaf matter form a thin layer of soil

37
Q

Why are shells important?

A

Can store Co2

38
Q

Why can shells be used by animals?

A

Can be used as homes or refuges from predation

39
Q

What is a sarracenia purpurea

A

Pitcher Plant

40
Q

How do picture plants control habitats?

A

Create bowls of water, can be used to digest animals

41
Q

What ecosystem can often be found inside trees?

A

Tree holes

42
Q

What do gophers to the plant system

A

Creates gaps in the plant matrix

43
Q

What happens to the empty space that gophers leave behind ?

A

Colonisation occurs, succession

Year 2 Ecological Systems (23 decks)

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