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Year 2 Ecological Systems > 8. Community Organisation > Flashcards

8. Community Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main biological processes that shape abundance of species?

A

Competition, predation, herbivory and mutualism

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2
Q

If the 4 groups do structure the ecosystem, what should happen?

A

We should see competing regulation of the ecosystem

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3
Q

Where there might be a place where the system isn’t regulated

A

The environment is not stable enough, too much turnover and change

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4
Q

How could predation and herbivory shape a community?

A

In terms of who eats who

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5
Q

How can complexity be reduced?

A

By measuring, biodiversity, trophic levels, feeding groups and importance

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6
Q

What is species richness?

A

How many species in a place, don sent really tell us much else

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7
Q

What structure can capture the complexity of nature?

A

Food webs

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8
Q

What are the benefits of food webs?

A

Allows us to see the whole diversity of life

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9
Q

What can we see in a food web?

A

Complexity, see how many predators there are in the system, few at top many at bottom?

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10
Q

If a web as few chains what is the problem for the ecosystem?

A

Big loss in the food chain, other animals effected

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11
Q

What can food webs be structured by?

A

Body size

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12
Q

What can damage to a food web be problematic?

A

Takes a long time for the food web to recover, another perturbation could happen while the system is recovering

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13
Q

What limits food chain height?

A

Species at the top are highly dependable on the species below

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14
Q

What is web lumping?

A

Putting many animals of one groups together in a food web

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15
Q

What do species do in times of low resource?

A

Canabalism

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16
Q

What is inteagil predation?

A

Predators eat other predators

17
Q

What is omnivoury?

A

Species that feed on more than one level on a food chain

18
Q

What is a sub webs?

A

Describe parts of the main webs

19
Q

What feeds on fish larvae?

A

Sea nettle and bass

20
Q

Why did sea nettle focus more on fish larvae?

A

Oxygen depletion in the sea caused the sea nettle to move away from fish eggs

21
Q

How can we allocate species to trophic levels?

A

Normally body size, but also green plants herbivory ect

22
Q

How can we subdivide each trophic level?

A

Using wood webs

23
Q

How would animals form a guild?

A

Feeding in the sam way, bound to compete more than other birds

24
Q

How can feeders be split into groups?

A

How they feed, eg on a cabbage, pit strip and sap feeders

25
Q

What could guild grouping suggest?

A

That species are redundant, functional redundancy

26
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

If a high percentage of species are lost when one is removed from a community, that species is said to be important

27
Q

What are cassowarys so important?

A

Seeds germinate by passing through a cassowary

28
Q

How are sea otters key stone?

A

Keep the concentration of urchins down with protects the kelp

29
Q

How can fish control a river ecosytem?

A

Can control invertebrates, eg increase river growth in plants

30
Q

What is a top predator?

A

Nothing eats it?

31
Q

What is a nasal species?

A

Is only eaten

32
Q

What is connectness?

A

Number of possible interactions divided by possible interactions

33
Q

What is linkage density?

A

Average number of links per-species

34
Q

Why do links in a food web say pretty much the same?

A

In a larger food web each species is feeding on more animals

35
Q

What is the average length of a food chain from top to bottom?

A

5

36
Q

What is the energetic hypothesis

A

energy transfer along the chain is inefficient and ulimately limiting

37
Q

What is dynamic stability hypothesis

A

long chains are not sustainable, fluctuations at basal level ramify up the chain

38
Q

What evidence is there for energetic hypothesis

A

less food means less structures in the food chain

39
Q

What is the average prey to predator ratio

A

3:1

Year 2 Ecological Systems (23 decks)

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