Laboratory 41: Blood Cells Flashcards
What is blood?
A connective tissue.
What is plasma?
Blood is a type of connective tissue whose cells are suspended in a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma.
What is plasma made of?
Plasma is composed of water proteins nutrients electrolytes hormones and gases.
Where are the cells or elements formed?
The cells or formed elements are mainly formed in Red bone marrow and they include erythrocytes (red blood cells)leukocytes (white blood cells) and some cellular fragments are called platelets (thrombocytes)
What composes the blood volume?
The formed elements compose about 45% of the total blood volume the plasma composes approximately 55% of the blood volume
What are the functions of erythrocytes
Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin and transport gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between body cells and the lungs
What are the functions of leukocytes?
Leukocytes defend the body against infections
What are the platelets functions?
Play let’s play in important role in stoppage of bleeding hemostasis
What are the characteristics of neutrophils?
- Fine light purple granules.
- Nucleus single to five lobes (highly variable)
- immature neutrophils called bands have a single c shaped nucleus
- Mature neutrophils called segs, have a lobed nucleus
- Often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes when older
What are the characteristics of eosinophils?
Coarse reddish granules
Nucleus usually bliobed.
What are the characteristics of basophils?
Coarse deep blue to almost black granules
Nucleus often almost hidden by granules.
What are the characteristics of lymphocytes?
Larger then RBC’s.
Thin rim of nearly clear cytoplasm.
Nearly round nucleus appears to fill most of cell in smaller lymphocytes.
Larger lymphocytes hard to distinguish from monocytes
What are the characteristics of monocytes?
Largest WBC 2-3x larger than RBC
Cytoplasm nearly clear
Nucleus round and kidney shaped oval or lobed
What are the characteristics of platelets?
Cell fragments
Single to small clusters
What are the characteristics of erythrocytes?
Lack nucleus
Biconcave discs
Thin centers appear almost hallow
What type of WBCs are granulocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
What type of wbcs are agranulocytes?
Lymphocyte, monocytes
What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes
Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm, Agranulocytes lack granular cytoplasm
What are the functions of red blood cells?
Contains hemoglobin (HB) that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What are the functions of the white blood cell?
Destroys pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, removes worn cells, and provides immunity.
What are the functions of neutrophils?
Phagocytose bacteria.
What are the functions of eosinophils?
Destroy parasites and helps control inflammation and allergic reactions
What are the functions of basophils?
Releases heparin (an anticoagulant) and histamine (a blood vessel dilator)
What are the functions of monocytes?
Phagocytoses dead or living cells and micro organisms
What are the functions of lymphocytes?
Provides immunity, produces antibodies, destroys foreign cells and infected cells with viruses.
What are the functions of platelets?
Helps control blood loss from injured blood vessels needed for blood clotting.
Why is a differential white blood cell count performed?
A differential white blood cell count is performed to determine the percentage of each of the various types of white blood cells present in a sample. This test is useful because the relative proportions of WBC may change in particular diseases.
What is the normal range of neutrophils and hat do elevated counts potentially indicate?
54-62%. Bacterial infections, stress
What is the normal range of lymphocytes and what do elevated levels potentially indicate?
25-33%. Mononucleosis, whooping cough, viral infections
What is the normal level of monocytes and what does an elevated count potentially indicate?
3-9% Malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections
What is the normal level of eosinophils and what does an elevated level potentially indicate?
1-3% Allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, parasitic worms.
What is the normal levels of basophils and what does an elevated level potentially indicate?
Less then 1%. Cancers, chicken pox, hypothyroidism.
Which of the following have significant functions mainly during bleeding? A) erythrocytes B) leukocytes C) platelets D) Plasma
C) Platelets
Which of the following is among the agranulocytes? A) Monocytes B) Neutrophils C) eosinophils D) basophils
A) Monocytes
Which white blood cell has the greatest nuclear variations? A) Monocytes B) Neutrophils C) eosinophils D) basophils
B) Neutrophils
A(n) \_\_\_\_\_ lacks a nucleus. A) erythrocytes B) lymphocytes C) Monocytes D) basophils
A) erythrocytes
Which cell has a large nucleus that fills most of the cell? A) Erythrocyte B) Platelet C) Eosinophils D) Lymphocytes
D) Lymphocyte
Which leukocyte is the most abundant in a normal differential count? A) Basophil B) Monocyte C) Neutrophil D) Lymphocyte
C) Neutrophil
Eosinophils numbers typically increase during an allergic reaction.
True or False?
True
Erythrocytes are also called granulocytes because granules are visible in their cytoplasm when using Wright’s stain.
True or false?
False
Red blood cells (RBC) are also called
Erythrocytes
The shape of a red blood cell can be described as a ____ disc.
Biconcave.
______ is the oxygen carrying substance in a red blood cell
Hemoglobin
A mature red blood cell cannot reproduce because it lacks the ____ that was extruded during cellular development.
Nucleus.
White blood cells are also called ____
Leukocytes
White blood cells with granular cytoplasm are called ____
Granulocytes
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte is another name for a ______ with a segmented nucleus.
Neutrophils
Normally, the most numerous white blood cells are
Neutrophils
White blood cells with coarse reddish cytoplasmic granules are called _____.
Eosinophils
______ are normally the least abundant of the white blood cells.
Basophils
____ are the largest of the white blood cells.
Monocytes.
______ are small agranulocytes that have relatively large, round nuclei with thin rims of cytoplasm.
Lymphocytes
Small cell fragments that function to prevent blood loss from an injury site called ______
Platelets
