Lab Exercise 5 : Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What parts of the cell can easily be viewed with a compound microscope?

A

Plasma cell membrane, nucleus & the cytoplasm.

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2
Q

What is the cytoplasm made of?

A

Clear jelly like fluid called the cytosol and numerous cytoplasmic organelles

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3
Q

What does the plasma membrane represent?

A

The selectively permeable boundary of a cell that controls what substances are allowed to enter or exit.

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4
Q

What is the plasma membrane made of?

A

Phospholipids that form a bilayer with their nonpolar fatty acid tails facing one another in the center, with their polar heads facing the water in the ECF/ICF.

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5
Q

What is the job of the microvilli?

A

They increase the surface area.

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6
Q

What is the job of the cilia on the plasma membrane?

A

They assist in the movement of substances.

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7
Q

What is the job of flagella on the cell membrane?

A

They are involved in cell motility.

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8
Q

What purpose does cholestrol embedded on the plasma membrane serve?

A

Helps provide structural integrity.

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9
Q

What purpose do glycolipids and glycoproteins serve?

A

They contribute to glycalyx - the cell identity maker.

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10
Q

What processes are considered passive?

A

Diffusion, osmosis, hydrostatic pressure.

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11
Q

What processes are considered active?

A

Active Transport, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis.

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12
Q

What is the boundary of the nucleus?

A

The nuclear envelope, which has nuclear pores allowing the passage of genetic information.

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13
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Located inside of nucleus. Looks like fine strands, contains DNA as well as structural and regulatory proteins.

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14
Q

Why is the nucleus referred to as the control center of the brain?

A

Because it contains the genetic material required for cell divison.

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15
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

Non membranous structure. Composed of RNA and protein. Location of ribsome factory.

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16
Q

What is the job of rough ER?

A

Synthesizing proteins.

17
Q

What is the job of smooth ER?

A

Involved in lipid synthesis.

18
Q

What is the job of ribosome?

A

Ribosomes synthesize proteins located free floating or attached to ER.

19
Q

What is the job of the mitochondria?

A

Cellular respiration and production of ATP.

20
Q

What are the functions of lysosome?

A

Are membranous sacs that digest worn out cell parts.

21
Q

What are the functions of vesicles?

A

membranous sacs produced by the cell that contain substances for storage or transport. They form from pinching off pieces from the plasma membrane.

22
Q

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

A

Supporting cellular structures and cellular movements?

23
Q

Loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within nucleus.

A

Chromatin.

24
Q

Location of ATP production for cellular energy.

A

Mitochondrion

25
Q

Small RNA-Containing particles for the synthesis of proteins.

A

Ribosomes.

26
Q

Membranous sac formed by pinching off pieces from the plasma membrane.

A

Vesicle.

27
Q

Dense body of RNA within the nucleus.

A

Nucleolus.

28
Q

Part of the cytoskeleton involved in cellular movement

A

Microtubule

29
Q

Composed of membrane-bound canals for tubular transport throughout the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

30
Q

Occupies space between plasma membrane and nucleus

A

Cytosol.

31
Q

Flattened, membranous sacs that modify and package a secretion

A

Golgi Apparatus.

32
Q

Membranous sacs that contains digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes.

33
Q

Seperates nuclear contents from cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope.

34
Q

Spherical organelle that contains chromatin and nucleolus.

A

Nucleus