Lab 43: Blood Typing Flashcards
What does blood typing involve?
Blood typing involves identifying protein substances called antigens present on the outer surface of red blood cell membranes.
What antigens are of clinical importance?
The antigens of the ABO group and those of the Rh group.
How does one determine what antigens are present?
To determine what antigens are present a blood sample is mixed with blood typing sera that contain known types of antibodies.
What is the final check on blood compatibility?
a cross-matching test which small samples of the blood from the donor and the recipient are mixed to be sure agglunation does not create a transfusion reaction.
What is hemolysis?
Red blood cell destruction.
What are autologus transfusions?
Autologus transfusions are sometimes used when a surgery is elective, allowing some of the persons predonated blood to be used durign the surgery
What is the Rh factor?
An antigen commonly found on the human RBC membrane was first identified in Rhesus monkeys and it became known as the Rh factor.
What percent of american’s possess the D antigen?
85
What makes someone rh positive?
People who possess the D-Antigen on the cell membrane are considered rh positive.
What makes someone Rh negative?
People who lack the D-Antigen are considered Rh negative.
What would happen if an Rh negative mother carrying an Rh positive fetus had blood mix?
The Rh negative mother would start begin producing anti D antibodies creating complications for future pregnancies.
What is hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn?
Also called erythroblastosis fetalis, is where the mother produces anti D antibodies while pregnant
How can Erythroblastosis be prevented?
By adminstering RhoGam.
What does Rho Gam do?
Prevents the mother from producing Anti D antibodies.
What are the RBC Antigens in A blood?
A
What are the RBC antigens in B blood?
B
What are the RBC antigens in AB blood?
A and B
What are the RBC antigens in O blood?
Neither A nor B
What are the plasma antibodies in type A blood?
Anti-B
What are the plasma antibodies in type B blood?
Anti-A
What are the plasma antibodies in type AB blood?
Neither anti-A nor Anti-B
What are the plasma antibodies in type O Blood?
Both anti-a and anti-b
What is the preferred donor type for type A blood?
A
What is the preferred donor type for type B blood?
B
What is the preferred donor type for type AB blood?
AB
What is the preferred donor type for type O blood?
O
What are the permissible donor types in limited amounts for A blood?
O
What are the permissible donor types in limited amounts for B blood?
O
What are the permissible donor types in limited amounts for AB blood?
A, B, O
What are the permissible donor types in limited amounts for O?
No alternative types.
What are the incompatible donors for type A blood?
B, AB
What are the incompatible donors for type B blood?
A, AB
What are the incompatible donors for type AB blood?
None
What are the incompatible donors for type O blood?
A, B, AB
The antigens of the ABO group are located on the red blood cell _____
Membrane
The blood of every person contains one of (how many possible) ____ combinations of antigens.
4
Type A blood contains antigen ____
A
Type B blood contains antigen ____
B
Type A blood contains ___ antibody in the plasma
B
Type B blood contains ____ antibody in the plasma
A
Persons with ABO blood type ____ are considered the universal recepient.
AB
Persons with ABO blood type ____ are considered the universal donor.
O
The Rh group was named after the ___
Rhesus monkey
Of the antigens in the Rh group the most important is the _____
D Antigen
If blood cells lack Rh antigens the blood is called ____
Rh-
If an Rh- negative person who is senstive to Rh postive blood recieves a transfusion of Rh postive blood the donor cells are likely to
Clump
An Rh-Negative woman who might be carrying an ____ fetus is given an injection of RhoGam to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
Rh+
The antigens of the ABO group are located A) on the red blood cell membrane B) Within the red blood cell membrane C) Within the red blood cell cytosol D) On the red blood cell ribosome
A
When B Antibodies (Anti-B) react with B antigens \_\_\_ occurs. A) Coagulation B) Aggluination C) Transusion D) Proliferation
B
The D antigen is present in about \_\_\_ of Americans A) 4% B) 38% C) 47% D) 85%
D
Blood type \_\_ is sometimes called the universal donor within the ABO blood group. A) A B) B C) AB D) O
D
Blood type ___ is sometimes called the universal recepient within the ABO blood group.
AB
Blood type B is the most common blood type found in the United States population. True or False?
False
An individual with blood type O lacks both RBC antigens a and B
True or False?
True
