Lab Exercise 19 : Joint Structure Flashcards
What are joints?
Joints are junctions between bones.
What are joints classified by?
They can be classified by the type of tissue that binds the bones together as well as the types of movements
What are the three structural classifications?
Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints
What is the fibrous joint made of?
Fibrous joints are filled with dense fibrous connective tissue.
What is the cartilaginous joints made of?
Consist of two bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
What is the synovial joints made of?
Synovial joints contain synovial fluid inside a joint cavity.
What does synarthrosis mean?
Synarthrosis describes a joint that is immoveable.
What does amphiarthrosis mean?
Amphiarthrosis describes a joint that allows slight movement.
What does diarthrosis mean?
Diarthrosis describes a joint that allows free movements.
What is the cause of movements at synovial joints?
Movements occurring at freely moveable synovial joints are due to the contractions of skeletal muscles.
Where do joints form?
Joints form where bones come together or articulate with one another.
Joints can be temporary. True or False?
True
What makes a joint turn into solid bone?
Some joints are temporary. When complete ossification occurs the the entire joint becomes bone.
What is an example of a temporary joint?
Examples of a temporary joint is the right and left frontal lobe becoming a single frontal lobe.
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis .
What are the structural features of suture joints? (What are they made of)
Sutures are made of dense fibrous connective tissue.
What are the functional classifications/movements of suture joints?
Suture joints exhibit synarthrosis meaning they are completely immoveable.
Where are suture joints located?
Suture joints are located within the sutures of the skull.
What are the structural features of gomphosis? (What are is it made of)
It is a fibrous joint. Periodontal ligament
What are the functional classifications/movement of gomphosis joints?
Gomphosis joints are synarthrosis joints meaning they are immoveable.
Where are gomphosis joints located?
They are located within the tooth sockets.
What are the structural features of syndesmoses joints?
They are a fibrous joint made of dense fibrous connective tissue.
What are the functional classifications/movement of syndesmoses joints?
Syndesmoses joints are amphiarthrosis joints meaning they allow some movements.
Where are syndesmoses joints?
Tibiofibular joint.
What are the two types of cartilagenous joints
Synchondrosis and symphysis joints.
What are the structural features of synchondroses joints?
It is a cartilaginous joint, made of hyaline cartilage.
What are the functional classifications/movements of synchondrosis joints?
Syndochondrosis joints are synthrosis joints, meaning immoveable.
Location of synchondrosis joints?
Synchondrosis joints are located in epiphyseal plates.
What are the structural features of symphysis joints?
Symphysis joints are cartilaginous joints made of fibrocartilage.
What are the functional classifications (Movements) of symphysis joints?
Symphysis are amphiarthrosis joints meaning they are slightly moveable.
Location of symphysis joints
Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
What are the structural features of plane joints?
All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
What are the functional movements and classifications of plane joints?
Plane joints are diarthroses meaning they allow free movement. Uniaxial, flexion and extension.
Location of plane joints
Intercarpal, intertarsal, knee (between patella and femur)
What are the structural features of hinge joints?
All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
What are the functional movements of hinge joints?
Hinge joints are diarthrosis joints meaning they allow free movemnents. Uniaxial, flexion and extension.
Location of hinge joints
Elbow, knee, interphalangeal
What are the structural features of pivot joints
All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
What are the functional classifications of pivot joints
Pivot joints are diarthrosis joints menaing they allow free movement. Uniaxial; rotation.
Locations of pivot joijnts
Radioulnar at elbow, dens at atlas
What are the structural classifications of condylar joints
All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
What are the functional classifications of condylar joints?
Condylar are diarthrosis jonts meaning they allow free movement. Biaxial, flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
Location of condylar joints
Radiocarpal Metacarpophalangeal knee between femus and tibia when flexed
What are the structural features of saddle joints
All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
What are the functions of saddle joints
Saddle joints are diarthrosis joints meaning they allow free movement. Biaxial, variety of movements mainly in two planes/
Location of saddle joint
Base of thumb with trapezium
What are the structural features of ball and socket joints
All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
What are the functional features of ball and socket joints
Ball and socket joints are diarthrosis joints meaning they allow free movement.
Multiaxial movements in all planes
Location of ball and socket joint
Hip and shoulder
What are uniaxial movements ?
Movements in a single plane
What are biaxial movements
Move in two planes on axes
What are the multiaxial joints?
Multiaxial joints move in multiple planes in multiple planes on axes
What is the articular capsule of synovial joint composed of?
Two layers, an outer fibrous capsule and a inner synovial membrane
What is the fibrous capsule composed of?
The fibrous capsule is composed of dense connective tissue that is continous with the periosteum of the bone.
What is the synovial membrane?
The synovial membrane secretes a lubricating fluid that fills the enclosed cavity
What does the articular cartilage do in synovial joints?
Articular hylaine cartilage covers the surface of the bone within the joint.
What are mensci?
In the knee - two crescent shaped mensci extend partway across the joint from the medial and lateral sides.
What does the mensci do?
The mensci will stabilize the knee joint where a great amount of pressure occurs and it also helps to absorb shock.
What is the condylar component of knee?
The condylar component of the knee joint allows some limited rotation between the articulation of the rounded condyles of the femur and tibia when the knee is in the flexed position.
What is the plane joint of the knee?
The plane joint between the patellar surface of the femur and the patella. Allows some sliding movements.
What is the PCL ligament?
Posterior cruciate ligament. It helps to prevent excessive flexion.
What is the ACL ligament?
The ACL ligament helps prevent hyper extension of the knee joint. A torn ACL is a common type of knee injury.
