Lab Exercise 2 Flashcards
What is included in the posterior dorsal body cavity?
Includes a cranial cavity containing the brain and a spinal cavity containing the spinal cord.
What is included in the anterior ventral body cavity?
Includes the thoracic cavity which is subdivided into a mediastinum containing primarily the heart, esophagus., lungs, and trachea with the longs located on either side of the mediastinum. Also included is the abdominal pelvic cavity composed of an abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
What is the main function of the diaphragm?
Seperates thoracic and abdominal cavities.
What are the smaller cavities within the head?
Oral Cavity, Nasal Cavity with connected sinuses, Orbital Cavity, Middle Ear Cavity.
What is stored in the orbital cavity?
Houses eye and associated structures.
What is stored in the middle ear cavity also known as tympanic cavity?
air filled and contains auditory ossicles.
What are serous membranes?
Composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called mesothelium (supported by connective tissue)
Line cavities that do not open to the outside and cover organs located within those cavities
HAVE TWO LAYERS.
What are the two layers of serous membranes?
Visceral and Parietal.
Define visceral:
inner layer that covers internal organs
Define Parietal
Outer layer that lines body cavity wall`
What is parietal pleura?
It lines the outer cavity containing the lung.
What is visceral pleura?
Inner layer of plueral cavity, covers the lung.
What is the plueral cavity?
Space between visceral pluera and parietal pluera.
What is the parietal pericardium?
Outer layer of the pericardial cavity, attaches to the sternum and diaphragm.
What is the visceral pericardium?
Inner layer of the pericardial cavity. It covers the heart.
What is the pericardial cavity?
The space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
What is the visceral peritoneum?
The inner layer of the abdominal cavity, it covers the organs.
What is the parietal peritoneum?
The outer layer of the abdominal cavity, it lines the cavity wall.
Name the system:
Protection
Consists of skin - composed of epidermis and dermis.
Accessory organs - such as hair and nails.
Inaugmentary system.
Name the system:
Support and protection.
Consists of:
Bones - in head, torso, and limbs.
Skeletal System.
Name the system: Movement. Consists of: Skeletal muscles - allows voluntary movements Tendons - Connect muscles to bones
Muscular System
Name the system:
Detects changes, interprets sensory information; stimulates muscles and glands.
Consists of:
Brain - Within cranial cavity
Spinal Cord - extends through vertebral canal
Nerves - conduct impulses into and from the brain.
Nervous System
Name the system:
Secretes hormones.
Consists of:
Pituitary gland - attached to base of the brain.
Thyroid Gland - anterior neck; inferior to larynx
Parathyroid Glands - four glands; embedded on the posterior thyroid gland.
Adrenal Glands - located superior to kidneys
Pancreas - Most in LUQ; influence blood sugar.
Ovaries - in females, produce reproductive hormones.
Testes - in males; Produce testosterone
Pineal Gland - Small gland within the brain
Thymus - Within mediastinum
Endocrine System.
Name the system: Transports gases, nutrients and wastes. Consists of: Heart - muscular pump for blood Arteries - Transports blood away from heart Veins - Transports blood back to heart
Cardiovascular System.
Name the system:
Produces and houses immune cells and returns tissue fluid to blood.
Consists of:
Lymphamatic Vessels - Carry lymph fluid
Lymph Nodes - along lymphamatic vessels; contain leukocytes that help fight infections
Thymus - Within mediastinum.
Spleen - Large organ with LUQ
Lymphamatic System.
Name the system:
gas exchange between air and blood.
Consists of:
Nasal Cavity - Superior to mouth cavity
Pharynx - Passage for air superior to larynx
Larynx - Anterior neck - Houses Spinal Cord
Trachea - Tube between Larynx and Bronchi
Bronchi - airway tubes within lungs.
Lungs - Large organs within the thoracic cavity.
Respitatory System.
Name the system:
Food breakdown and absorption.
Mouth - Contains tongue and teeth.
Tongue - For food manipulation.
Teeth - For biting and chewing food.
Salivary Glands - Secrete Saliva into the mouth.
Pharynx - Passage way for food superior to esophagus
Esophagus - Tube from Pharynx to Stomach
Stomach - Between esophagus and small intestine in LUQ
Liver - Produces bile in RUQ
Gallbladder - Stores bile; in RUQ
Pancreas - produces digestive enzymes; most in LUQ
Small intestines - Tube from stomach to large intestine
Large Instestines - Tube from small intestines to anus
Digestive System
Name the System:
Removes liquids and wastes from blood.
Consists of:
Kidneys - Two large organs in upper abdominopelvic cavity.
Ureters - tubes from kidney to urinary bladder.
Urinary Bladder - Pelvic organ; stores urine.
Urethra - Tube from urinary bladder to external opening.
Urinary System
Name the System: Sperm Production, Consists of: Scrotum - Encloses Testes Testes - Produces sperm and hormones Penis - External reproductive organ Urethra - Transports semen and urine.
Male Reproductive System.
Name the System:
Egg Production and fetal development
Consists of:
Ovaries - Produce eggs
Uterus - Muscular organ in pelvis; Structure for fetal development.
Uterine Tubes - (oviducts; falliopian tubes) Transports eggs
Vagina - Tube from uterus to external opening.
Female Reproductive System.
Anterior (or ventral)
Anterior (or ventral) Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot.
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body.
Anterior or Ventral
Posterior (or dorsal)
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is posterior to the
patella.
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.
Posterior or Dorsal
Superior (or cranial)
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.
Superior or Cranial
Inferior (or caudal)
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail
(in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail
Inferior (or caudal)
(in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.
Lateral
Lateral describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the digits.
describes the side or direction toward the side of the body.
Lateral
Medial.
Medial describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The hallux is the medial toe.
describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body.
Medial
Proximal
describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The brachium
is proximal to the antebrachium
describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.
Proximal
Distal
describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The crus is
distal to the femur
describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.
Distal. The crus is
distal to the femur
Superficial
Superficial describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the bones
describes a position closer to the surface of the body.
Superficial. The skin is superficial to the bones
______ is the plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. If this vertical
plane runs directly down the middle of the body it is called the midsagittal or median plane.
Sagittal.
____ is the plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear)
portion.
Frontal
________ is the plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions.
Transverse.
Head :
Cephalic
Nose :
Nasal
Eye :
Orbital
Mouth :
Oral
Neck :
Cervical
Shoudler :
Acromial
Chest :
Pectoral
Armpit :
Axillary
Breast
Mammary
Arm
Brachial
Anterior Elbow
Antecubital
Wrist
Carpal
Palm
Palmar
Finger or toe
Digital
Groin
Inguinal
Thigh
Femoral
Reproductive
Genital
Anterior Knee
patellar
Leg
Crural
Ankle
Tarsal
Foot
Pedal
Cheek
Buccal
Chin
Mental
Middle thorax
Sternal
Navel
Umblical
Hip
Coxal
Hand
Manus
Lateral leg
Fibular
Ear
Otic
Back of head
Occipital
Back
Dorsum
Elbow
Cubital
Loin
Lumbar
Between Hips
Sacral
Buttocks
Gluteal
Between anus and genital
Perineal
Thigh
Femoral
Calf
Sural
Back of knees
Popliteal
Heel
Calcaneal
Sole of foot
Plantar
