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BIO Anatomy and Physiology Lab > Laboratory 15: Thoracic Cage and Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Laboratory 15: Thoracic Cage and Vertebral Column Flashcards

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1
Q

Which skeleton are the vertebral column and thoracic cage apart of?

A

Axial skeleton.

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2
Q

How many bones in the vertebral column?

A

Consists of 26 bones.

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3
Q

What does the vertebral column form?

A

Vertical axis of the human skeleton.

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4
Q

What does the vertical column include?

A

7 cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae one sacrum of 5 fused vertebrae, and one coccyx of four fused vertebrae.

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5
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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6
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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7
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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8
Q

How are vertebrae separated from one another?

A

By cartilaginous intervertebral discs and are held together by ligaments.

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9
Q

What does the thoracic cage surround?

A

Thoracic cavity and upper abdominal cavity.

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10
Q

What does the thoracic cage include?

A

The ribs, the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the costal cartilages.

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11
Q

What does the thoracic cage provide?

A

Protection for the heart and lungs.

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12
Q

What does the vertebral column extend from?

A

The vertebral column extends from the first cervical vertebra adjacent to the skull to the inferior tip of the coccyx.

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13
Q

What is the first cervical vertebrae?

A

C1

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14
Q

What is C1 also known as?

A

Atlas

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15
Q

Describe C1 (Atlas)

A

Has a posterior thornlike tubercule (Small knoblike) instead of a more pronounced spinous process.

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16
Q

What is the second cervical vertebrae?

A

C2

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17
Q

What is the second cervical vertebra also known as?

A

Axis

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18
Q

Describe axis (C2)

A

Has a superior projection, the dens (Odontoid) Process that serves as a pivot point for some rotational movements.

19
Q

What is C7 often referred to as?

A

Vertebra prominens.

20
Q

What do the 12 vertebrae (thoracic have)

A

Facets (Nearly flat) for the articulation sites of the 12 pairs of ribs.

21
Q

What do the seven cervical vertebrae have?

A

Have the distinct feature of transverse foramina for passageway of blood vessels serving the brain.

22
Q

What kind of spinous processes do thoracic vertebrae have?

A

Have spinous processes that are long and have an inferior angle.

23
Q

Which vertebrae are the biggest?

A

Lumbar

24
Q

Why are lumbar vertebrae larger then cervical/thoracic?

A

It allows for better support and resistance to twisting of the trunk and spinous processes that are rather short and blunt.

25
Q

When do the sacral bones fuse into one single bone?

A

By age 26.

26
Q

What does the medial sacral represent?

A

Fused spinous processes.

27
Q

When do the usual four coccyx vertebrae fuse into a single bone?

A

About age 30.

28
Q

When do the four curvatures of the vertebrae column develop?

A

Either before or after birth.

29
Q

What are the primary curvatures?

A

Thoracic and sacral curvatures.

30
Q

When do the primary curvatures form?

A

By the time of birth.

31
Q

When does the cervical curvature develop?

A

By the time a baby is able to hold its head erect and crawl.

32
Q

When does the lumbar curvature develop?

A

Forms by the time the child is able to walk.

33
Q

What are the secondary curvatures?

A

Cervical and lumbar curvatures.

34
Q

What do the four curvatures allow for?

A

Flexibility and resellience of the vertebral column and for it to function somewhat like a spring instead of a rod.

35
Q

How many pairs of ribs?

A

Twelve pairs.

36
Q

What are true ribs?

A

The superior seven pairs of ribs are connected directly to the sternum with coastal cartilage and are known as true ribs.

37
Q

How many pairs of true ribs?

A

Seven

38
Q

What are false ribs?

A

Five pairs of inferior ribs either connect indirectly to the sternum with coastal cartilage of do not connect to the sternum.

39
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

Pairs 11 and 12 are called the floating ribs because they only connect with the thoracic vertebrae and not with the sternum.

40
Q

What 3 regions eventually form the sternum?

A

Manibrum, body, xiphoid process eventually fuse into a single bone the sternum.

41
Q

Where is the heart mainly located?

A

Beneath the body portion of the sternum.

42
Q

Where should compressions during CPR be administered?

A

Should be over the body area of the sternum, not the xiphoid process region.

43
Q

What would happen if a person did chest compressions over the xiphoid process region?

A

They can force the xiphoid process into the liver of the inferior portion of the heart and cause a fatal hemorrhage to occur.

BIO Anatomy and Physiology Lab (49 decks)

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