Lab 4: Endocrine System and Diabetes Flashcards
______ are ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to aid in homeostasis.
Endocrine glands
______ are chemical messengers that initiate a change in a target cell.
hormones
_____ have specific receptors for specific hormones.
target cells
____ increase cell size and rate of division.
Growth Hormone (hGH)
_____ action is to produce milk.
prolactin (PRL)
_____ controls the release of thyroid hormones.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
____ controls release of hormones from the adrenal cortex.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
____ is responsible for the development of egg follicles and release of estrogen in females.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
____ is responsible for stimulating sperm production in males.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
_____ promotes sex hormone secretion and release of egg from ovaries.
Luteinizing hormone (GH)
_____ causes kidneys to conserve water.
antidiuretic hormone (SDH)
_____ causes uterine contraction and milk secretion.
Oxytocin (OT)
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases what hormones.
Growth hormone (hGH) Prolctin (PRL) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases what hormones.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin (OT)
_____ increases energy release from carbs.
thyroxine (T4)
____ increases rate of protein synthesis.
thyroxine (T4)
_____ increases growth rate.
thyroxine (T4)
_______increases energy release from carbs, rate of protein synthesis, and growth rate, but is 5x stronger than T4.
Triiodothyronine T3
______ decreases blood Ca 2+ levels.
Calcitonin
Calcitonin opposes ____.
PTH
____ increases blood Ca2+ levels.
PTH
PTH opposes ____.
calcitonin
____ tells kidneys to conserve Na+ and excrete K+
aldosterone
Cortisol ___ protein synthesis, ____ fatty acid release, ____ glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrates.
decreases
increases
increases
_______ supplement sex hormones.
adrenal androgens
Adrenal Cortex hormones (3)
aldosterone
cortisol
adrenal androgen
Adrenal Medulla Hormones (2)
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
____ increase HR and SV (BP)
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
____ causes vasodilation to skeletal muscles and brain.
epinephrine
_____ increases airway dilation.
Epinephrine
_____ increases metabolic rate and breakdown of glycogen to glucose from liver.
Epinephrine
______ causes vasoconstriction to skin and viscera.
norepinephrine
Norepinephrine ____ metabolic rate.
increases
Pancreatic Hormones (2)
glucagon
insulin
Glucagon ___ blood sugar levels.
increases
Insulin ____ blood sugar levels.
decreases
____ breaks down glycogen and lipids.
glucagon
Glucagon stimulates _____ from non carbohydrates.
glucose synthesis
Insulin promotes synthesis of ____.
glycogen.
Insulin enhances the absorption of _____ by adipocytes and skeletal muscle fibers.
glucose
Insulin enhances synthesis of proteins and inhibits _____ of non-carb’s into glucose.
conversion
_____ diabetes is a genetic mutation, pancreas doesn’t create insulin.
Type 1
___ diabetes is when the pancreas doesn’t create enough insulin (over worked) or the body cells are resistance to the insulin (over used insulin).
Type 2
____ diabetes occurs in pregnancy, the pancreas doesn’t create enough insulin.
gestational
