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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic function aids the _____ system by transporting/housing lymphocytes and other immune cells that help defend against pathogens

A

immune system

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2
Q

Lymphatic function aids the _____ system by returning excess fluid to venous blood to maintain fluid balance, blood volume and blood pressure

A

cardiovascular system

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3
Q

The lymphatic function has ____ function of its own.

A

no unique

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4
Q

15% of plasma lost to interstitial fluid when traveling through blood capillaries which is ___ liters a day.

A

3 liters

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5
Q

Interstitial fluid moves into lymphatic capillaries due to _____ pressure

A

hydrostatic

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6
Q

______ differ from blood capillaries:
larger in diameter
lack basement membrane
overlapping endothelial cells

A

lymphatic capillaries

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7
Q

Overlapping endothelial cells act as one way flaps to allow fluid to enter but prevent its loss in ____.

A

lymphatic capillaries

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8
Q

_____ hold endothelial cells to near by structures

A

anchoring filaments

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9
Q

Movement of lymph through vessels due to:
______ and respiratory pump. Pulsatile movement of blood in nearby arteries and rhythmic contraction of _______ in walls of larger lymph vessels (trunks and ducts)

A

skeletal muscle pumps

smooth muscles

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10
Q

____ filter lymph as it passes through vessels

A

lymph nodes

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11
Q

____ lympatic trunks drains head and neck

A

jugular

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12
Q

____ lymphatic truns drain upper limbs, breasts and superficial thoracic walls.

A

subclavian

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13
Q

____ lymphatic trunks drain deep thoracic structures.

A

bronchomediastinal

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14
Q

____ lymphatic trunks drain most abdominal structures.

A

intestinal

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15
Q

____ lymphatic trunk drains lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall and pelvic organs.

A

lumbar

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16
Q

_____ are involved in formation and maturation of lymphocytes

A

primary structures

* red bone marrow and thymus

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17
Q

____ ~ serve to house both lymphocytes and other immune cells following their formation

A

secondary structures

  • Lymphatic cells trapped within a reticular extracellular connective tissue matrix
  • Sites where an immune response is initiated
  • Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphatic nodules and MALT
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18
Q

____ located witin the spongy bone of the flat bones of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternm, epiphyses of the humerus and femur.

A

red bone marrow

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19
Q

____ function in t lymphocyte maturation.

A

thymus

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20
Q

Thymus grows until puberty and then cells regress and are replaced by ____.

A

adipose tissue

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21
Q

Cortex of the thymus contains ____ t lymphocytes

A

immature

22
Q

Medulla of the thymus contains ____ t lymphocytes

A

mature

23
Q

_____ secrete thymic hormones (thymulin) that participates in the maturation of T-lymphocytes

A

Epithelial cells

24
Q

____ are the main lymphatic organ

A

lmph nodes

25
Q

____ are Small, round encapsulated structures located along the pathway of lymph vessels

A

lymph nodes

26
Q

____ filter lymph of unwanted substances.

A

lymph nodes

27
Q

There are between ___ and ___ lymph nodes throughout the body.

A

500 to 700

28
Q

_______ house both proliferating B-lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Germinal centers

29
Q

Medulla has strands of connective tissue fibers that support B and T-lymphocytes and macrophages (called ______)

A

medullary cords

30
Q

The germinal centers are surrounded by the _____ which contains T-lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

A

mantle zone

31
Q

Lymph enters through ____ lymph vessels then leaves through one efferent lymph vessel

A

afferent

32
Q

The ____ is responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria and other foreign materials in the blood as part of the body’s defense

A

spleen

33
Q

The ____ is responsible for Phagocytosis of old defective erythrocytes and platelets from circulation

A

spleen

34
Q

The ____ acts as a blood reservoir and storage site for both erythrocytes and platelets

A

spleen

35
Q

Largest lymphatic organ

A

spleen

36
Q

The spleen lacks a cortex and medulla and is instead divided into _____.

A

red and white pulp

37
Q

______ consists of spherical cluster of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and macrophages which surround a central artery

A

white pulp

38
Q

_____ contains erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages and B-lymphocytes

A

red pulp

39
Q

Blood Flow through spleen: splenic artery, central artery (of white pulp), splenic sinusoid (of red pulp), sinusoid capillaries, venules, splenic vein

A

list

40
Q

____ are Un-encapsulated lymphatic structures containing lymphatic nodules

A

tonsils

41
Q

_____ Protect against foreign substances inhaled or ingested

A

tonsils

42
Q

Invaginated outer edges called ______ increase surface area

A

tonsillar crypts

43
Q

Small oval clusters of lymphatic cells not surrounded by capsule

A

lymph nodules

44
Q

______ located in lamina propria of mucosa

A

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) ~

45
Q

_____ Defend against foreign substances that come in contact with mucosal membranes

A

malt

46
Q

____ found in Gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts

A

malt

47
Q

_____ ~ scattered lymphatic nodules found in every body organ and within wall of the appendix

A

diffuse lymphatic tissue

48
Q

MALT defends against ______ that come in contact with mucosal membranes.

A

foreign substances

49
Q

_____ are MALT found in the small intestines, primarily in the ileum.

A

Payer’ patches

50
Q

A bi-lobed organ in the superior mediastinum.

A

thymus

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II (20 decks)

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