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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II > LAB 3: Blood vessels and blood pressure > Flashcards

LAB 3: Blood vessels and blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

______ form a closed circuit of tubes that carry blood from the heart to the body and back again.

A

blood vessels

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2
Q

Two major pathways of blood vessels are _____ and ____.

A

pulmonary circuit

systemic circuit

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3
Q

The five types of blood vessels

A

arteries, veins, capillaries, arterioles, venules

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4
Q

_____ contains vessels carrying blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

A

pulmonary circuit

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5
Q

____ contains vessels carrying blood from the heart to all other parts of the body and back.

A

systemic circuit

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6
Q

_____ are strong, elastic vessels adapted for carrying blood away from the heart under high pressure.

A

arteries

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7
Q

The largest arteries are called ____.

A

elastic

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8
Q

Elastic arteries branch into ____ arteries and then into ____.

A

muscular arteries

arterioles

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9
Q

The smallest arteries are ____.

A

arterioles

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10
Q

____ are vessels which are adapted to carrying blood back tot eh heart under low pressure.

A

veins

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11
Q

Capillaries merge to form ___>

A

venules

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12
Q

Venules merge to form ____ sized veins.

A

small to medium sized veins

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13
Q

Small to medium sized veins merge to form ____ veins.

A

large

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14
Q

The inner most layer of blood vessels are called ____.

A

tunica interna

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15
Q

Tunica interna is composed of two layers: _____ and _____.

A 
endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
subendothelial layer (elastic and collagenous fibers)
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16
Q

The middle layer of blood vessels are called ______.

A

tunica media

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17
Q

Tunica media is composed of ____.

A

smooth muscles

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18
Q

The tunica media is responsible for _____ and ____ that influence blood flow and pressure.

A

vasocontraction and vasodilation

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19
Q

The outer most layer is called the _____.

A

tunica externa

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20
Q

The tunica externa is composed of ______.

A

collagenous fibers

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21
Q

The tunica ____ attaches vessels to surrounding tissues.

A

externa

22
Q

Veins have ____ and arteries do not.

A

valves

23
Q

Veins have a ____ lumen (blood reservoir) than arteries.

A

larger

24
Q

Veins have a thinner tunica ____ than arteries. Arteries have more influence over blood pressure.

A

media

25
Q

____ the process of listening to body sounds (usually with use of a stethoscope).

A

auscultation

26
Q

There are two parts to every heart beat ___ and ___.

A

lub and dub

27
Q

The lub and dub sounds occur as blood is pushing against the ____ causing turbulence.

A

closed valves

28
Q

The first sound (s1) or lub is when the ____ are closing and the ventricles are ____.

A

AV valves

contracting

29
Q

The first heart sound (lub) is called ______.

A

ventricular systole

30
Q

The second sound (s2) or dub is when the _____ are closing and the ventricles are ____.

A

semilunar valves

relaxing

31
Q

The second sound (s2) or dub is called _____.

A

ventricular diastole

32
Q

____ is the difference in pressures due to the expansion and then recoil of the arterial walls.

A

pulse

33
Q

When the ventricles contract, a wave of blood travels through the arteries and can be felt as your ___.

A

pulse

34
Q

Typical resting heart rate is between _____ bpm.

A

60-100 bpm

35
Q

Generally, the lower the resting heart rate, the more _____ the heart is functioning and the better the cardiovascular fitness.

A

efficient

36
Q

____is a rapid pulse rate of over 100 bpm.

A

tachycardia

37
Q

___ is a slow pulse rate of less than 60 bpm.

A

bradycardia

38
Q

_____ is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels

A

blood pressure

39
Q

_____ is usually measured in the arteries and those called arterial _________.

A

blood pressure

blood pressure

40
Q

There are ___ types of blood pressure reading due to the contraction and then relaxation of the ventricles.

A

2

41
Q

_____ is when the ventricles contract.

A

systole

42
Q

When the ventricles contract blood pressure ____ due to blood being forced into the aorta

A

increases

43
Q

When the ventricles relax blood pressure ____ as the ventricles open and refill with blood from the atria.

A

decreases

44
Q

Measuring blood pressure is done with the use of a ______ and a ______.

A

stethoscope

sphygomanometer

45
Q

When measuring blood pressure air in the cuff is increased until it is greater than the ___ pressure in the artery.

A

systolic

46
Q

When measuring blood pressure the air is released from the cuff the blood can start to ___ through the artery once more. This causes a “swooshing” sound or what is known as a ____ sounds.

A

flow

Korotkoff sounds

47
Q

The sound of turbulent blood flow is called ____.

A

korotkoff sounds

48
Q

Normal resting blood pressure should be no higher than _____.

A

120/80

49
Q

Prehypertension blood pressure is ____.

A

120-139/ 80-89

50
Q

Hight blood pressure (hypertension stage 1)

A

140-159/ 90-99

51
Q

High blood pressure (hypertension stage 2)

A

160 or higher/ 100 higher

52
Q

Hypertensive Crisis (emergency care needed)

A

higher than 180 / higher than 110

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II (20 decks)

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