LAB 3: Blood vessels and blood pressure Flashcards
______ form a closed circuit of tubes that carry blood from the heart to the body and back again.
blood vessels
Two major pathways of blood vessels are _____ and ____.
pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit
The five types of blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries, arterioles, venules
_____ contains vessels carrying blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
pulmonary circuit
____ contains vessels carrying blood from the heart to all other parts of the body and back.
systemic circuit
_____ are strong, elastic vessels adapted for carrying blood away from the heart under high pressure.
arteries
The largest arteries are called ____.
elastic
Elastic arteries branch into ____ arteries and then into ____.
muscular arteries
arterioles
The smallest arteries are ____.
arterioles
____ are vessels which are adapted to carrying blood back tot eh heart under low pressure.
veins
Capillaries merge to form ___>
venules
Venules merge to form ____ sized veins.
small to medium sized veins
Small to medium sized veins merge to form ____ veins.
large
The inner most layer of blood vessels are called ____.
tunica interna
Tunica interna is composed of two layers: _____ and _____.
endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) subendothelial layer (elastic and collagenous fibers)
The middle layer of blood vessels are called ______.
tunica media
Tunica media is composed of ____.
smooth muscles
The tunica media is responsible for _____ and ____ that influence blood flow and pressure.
vasocontraction and vasodilation
The outer most layer is called the _____.
tunica externa
The tunica externa is composed of ______.
collagenous fibers
The tunica ____ attaches vessels to surrounding tissues.
externa
Veins have ____ and arteries do not.
valves
Veins have a ____ lumen (blood reservoir) than arteries.
larger
Veins have a thinner tunica ____ than arteries. Arteries have more influence over blood pressure.
media
____ the process of listening to body sounds (usually with use of a stethoscope).
auscultation
There are two parts to every heart beat ___ and ___.
lub and dub
The lub and dub sounds occur as blood is pushing against the ____ causing turbulence.
closed valves
The first sound (s1) or lub is when the ____ are closing and the ventricles are ____.
AV valves
contracting
The first heart sound (lub) is called ______.
ventricular systole
The second sound (s2) or dub is when the _____ are closing and the ventricles are ____.
semilunar valves
relaxing
The second sound (s2) or dub is called _____.
ventricular diastole
____ is the difference in pressures due to the expansion and then recoil of the arterial walls.
pulse
When the ventricles contract, a wave of blood travels through the arteries and can be felt as your ___.
pulse
Typical resting heart rate is between _____ bpm.
60-100 bpm
Generally, the lower the resting heart rate, the more _____ the heart is functioning and the better the cardiovascular fitness.
efficient
____is a rapid pulse rate of over 100 bpm.
tachycardia
___ is a slow pulse rate of less than 60 bpm.
bradycardia
_____ is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels
blood pressure
_____ is usually measured in the arteries and those called arterial _________.
blood pressure
blood pressure
There are ___ types of blood pressure reading due to the contraction and then relaxation of the ventricles.
2
_____ is when the ventricles contract.
systole
When the ventricles contract blood pressure ____ due to blood being forced into the aorta
increases
When the ventricles relax blood pressure ____ as the ventricles open and refill with blood from the atria.
decreases
Measuring blood pressure is done with the use of a ______ and a ______.
stethoscope
sphygomanometer
When measuring blood pressure air in the cuff is increased until it is greater than the ___ pressure in the artery.
systolic
When measuring blood pressure the air is released from the cuff the blood can start to ___ through the artery once more. This causes a “swooshing” sound or what is known as a ____ sounds.
flow
Korotkoff sounds
The sound of turbulent blood flow is called ____.
korotkoff sounds
Normal resting blood pressure should be no higher than _____.
120/80
Prehypertension blood pressure is ____.
120-139/ 80-89
Hight blood pressure (hypertension stage 1)
140-159/ 90-99
High blood pressure (hypertension stage 2)
160 or higher/ 100 higher
Hypertensive Crisis (emergency care needed)
higher than 180 / higher than 110
