L7: cranial nerves Flashcards
which cranial nerves emerge from the midbrain
3 and 4
which cranial nerves emerge from the pons
5,6,7,8
which cranial nerves emerge from the medulla
9,10,11,12
where does the optic nerve develop
diencephalon
where in the brainstem are sensory nuclei located
lateral
where in the brainstem are motor nuclei located
medial
location of cranial nuclei
tegmentum of the brainstem
visceral sensory functions
manages the state of the internal glands
parasympathetic motor functions
secretion from glands
origin of olfactory nerve
caudal surface of the olfactory bulb and crosses the cribriform plate from one part of the crista galli to the other, in order to reach the olfactory region of the nasal cavity
foramina of olfactory nerve
cribriform plate
function of olfactory nerve
olfaction
test for olfactory nerve
offer a familiar smelling item such as an orange
origin or optic nerve
retina
optic tracts
carry visual information to thalamus which relays information to primary cortex
foramina of optic nerve
optic canal
function of optic nerve
vision
test for optic nerve
- fundoscopy
- letter charts
- colour vision
- visual field test
fundoscopy
looking at the back of the retina with a light
origin or oculomotor nerve
pontomesencephalic junction
foramina of oculomotor nerve
superior orbital fissure
function of oculomotor nerve
- somatic motor for extra ocular muscles
- visceral motor to ciliary muscles and splinter pupillae
test for oculomotor nerve
H test
origin of trochlear nerve
dorsal side of midbrain
foramina of trochlear nerve
superior orbital fissure
function of trochlear nerve
somatic motor superior oblique
test for trochlear nerve
H test
origin of abducens nerve
pontomedullary junction
test for abducens nerve
H test
function of abducens nerve
somatic motor for lateral rectus
CN1
olfactory
CN2
optic
CN3
oculomotor
CN4
trochlear
CN5
trigeminal
CN6
abducens
CN7
facial
CN8
vestibulocochlear
CN9
glossopharyngeal
CN10
vagus
CN11
accessory
CN12
hypoglossal
foramen of abducens nerve
superior orbital fissure
what is oribicularis oculi innervated by
CN7
what is the superior tarsal muscle innervated by
sympathetic system
what is levator palpebral superiors innervated by
CN3
what are dilators of the eyelid innervated by
sympathetic system
role of ciliary muscle
changes shape of lens
divisions of trigeminal nerve
v1 = opthalmic v2 = maxillary v3 = mandibular
origin of trigeminal nerve
lateral to the midline of the pons
foramina of V1
superior orbital fissure
foramina of V2
foramen rotundum
foramina of V3
foramen ovale
function of V1
somatic sensation from forehead
function of V2
somatic sensation from middle face (between eye and mouth)
function of V3
- somatic sensation from lower face, mandible and anterior 2/3 of tongue
- brachial motor for muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric muscle, tensor tympani
tensor tympani
tenses tympanic membrane over auditory canal to protect the ear from loud noises
test for v1
cotton wool on forehead
test for v2
cotton ooo on cheek
test for v3
- cotton wool on jaw
- feel muscle mass
- jaw-jerk fexled
autonomic ganglia of the head and neck
ciliary
pterygopalatine
submandibular
otic
location of facial nerve
cerebellopontine angle
foramina of facial nerve
- enters internal acoustic canal
- leaves via stylomastoid foramen
function of facial nerve - brachial motor
muscles of facial expression and posterior belly of digastric muscle for swallowing
function of facial nerve - special sensory
taste to anterior 2/3 tongue
function of facial nerve - somatic sensory
skin of ear
function of facial nerve - visceral motor / parasympathetic
all glands except parotid
function of facial nerve - brachial supply
stapedius muscle
- tenses when we hear loud noises
- stabilise bones in ear
test for facial nerve
- facial movements
- taste
- salivation
branches of facial nerve
temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cerebral
origin of vestibulocochlear nerve
cerebellopontine angle
foramina of vestibulocochlear nerve
internal acoustic canal
function of vestibulocochlear nerve
special sensory for hearing and balance
test for vestibulocochlear nerve
Rinne’s and Weber’s test
location of glossopharyngeal nerve
postero-lateral sulcus of medulla
foramina pf glossopharyngeal nerve
jugular foramen
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - brachial motor
swallowing (pharynx)
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - special sensory
taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
innervation of taste on tongue
posterior 1/3 = glossopharyngeal nerve
anterior 2/3 = facial
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - somatic sensory
- middle eat
- pharynx
- posterior 1/3 tongue
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - visceral motor
parotid gland
innervation of parotid gland
glossopharyngeal nerve
function of glossopharyngeal nerve - visceral sensation
from carotid body and carotid sinus monitoring oxygen and blood pressure
test for glossopharyngeal nerve
gag reflex by stimulating the pharynx
location of vagus nerve
posterolateral sulcus on medulla
foramina of vagus nerve
jugular foramen
function of vagus nerve - brachial motor
muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate and digestive organs
function of vagus nerve - special sensory
taste from epiglottis and palate
function of vagus nerve - somatic sensory
from epiglottis and skin of external ear
function of vagus nerve - visceral motor (parasympathetic)
to thoracic and GI tract
test for vagus nerve
- speaking
- movement of uvula
origin of accessory nerve
posterolateral sulcus on caudal medulla
foramina of accessory nerve
jugular foramen
function of accessory nerve
innervate SCM and trapezius
test for accessory nerve
shrug shoulder and rotate head against resistance
origin of hypoglossal nerve
anterolateral sulcus on medulla
foramina of hypoglossal nerve
hypoglossal canal
function of hypoglossal nerve
somatic motor to muscles of tongue
test for hypoglossal nerve
protrude tongue
cranial nerves which are sensory only
1
2
8
cranial nerves which are motor only
3 4 6 11 12
cranial nerves which are sensory and motor
5
7
9
10
mnemonic for cranial nerve types
some says money matters but by brother says big books matter most
spinal contributions of CN11
- neurones in grey matter between C1-5 give rise to spinal roots which contribute to accessory nerve
- Ascend to the skull enter using the foramen magnum and joined with a cranial route, forming the accessory nerve
- eventually leave via the jugular foramen and innervate trapezius and SCM muscle
if right hypoglossal nerve is damaged, which way does the tongue deviate to?
right as left nerve dominates and nothing to oppose it
how do true olfactory nerves enter the cranial cavity?
- Originate from the nasal mucosa before synapsing with olfactory bulbs and entering the olfactory tract
- Enter the cranial cavity by passing through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
loss of smell
anosmia
where are the cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory fibres located?
trigeminal ganglion
area of skin supplied by v1
forehead
area of skin supplied by v2
maxillar region
area of skin supplied by v3
mandibular region
which nerves are associated with the corneal reflex (blink)
trigeminal
facial
which nerves are associated with the jaw-jerk reflex
trigeminal
trigeminal nerualgia
chronic pain condition due to blood vessels pressing on the root of the trigeminal nerve
how to test pterygoids
move jaw from side to side with resistance
how to test master and temporalis
jaw-jerk feflex
where are the cell bodies of the sensory fibres running in the facial nerve located
geniculate ganglion
belly palsy
temporary weakness or paralysis in the muscles of the face
facial nerve fibres running in the greater petrosal nerve
a branch of the nerves intermedium that carries parasympathetic taste, and sensory fibres of the facial nerve
how to differentiate between a stroke and Bell’s palsy
CNA = stroke PNS = bell's palsy
hyperacusis
a condition that affects how you perceive sounds
- heightened sensitivity for particular sounds
cause of hyperacusis
facial nerve lesion
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
dysphonia
disordered sound at sound at larynx-hoarseness
dysarthria
muscles use for speech are damagaed
cause of dysphagia
damage to facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossal nerve
cause of dysphonia
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve
cause of dysarthria
damage to trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal nerve
pterygopalatine ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve and supplies the lacrimal and palatine glands and the mucosa of the nasal cavity
otic ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from glossopharyngeal and supplies parotid gland
submandibular ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve and supplies submandibular and sublingual glands
ciliary ganglia
receives parasympathetic fibres from oculomotor nerve and supplies ciliary / sphincter papillae muscle
possible causes of oculomotor nerve damage
- pressure on nerve (aneurysm / hernia)
- inadequate flow to nerve (diabetes / hypertension)