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L7: cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

which cranial nerves emerge from the midbrain

A

3 and 4

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2
Q

which cranial nerves emerge from the pons

A

5,6,7,8

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3
Q

which cranial nerves emerge from the medulla

A

9,10,11,12

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4
Q

where does the optic nerve develop

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

where in the brainstem are sensory nuclei located

A

lateral

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6
Q

where in the brainstem are motor nuclei located

A

medial

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7
Q

location of cranial nuclei

A

tegmentum of the brainstem

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8
Q

visceral sensory functions

A

manages the state of the internal glands

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9
Q

parasympathetic motor functions

A

secretion from glands

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10
Q

origin of olfactory nerve

A

caudal surface of the olfactory bulb and crosses the cribriform plate from one part of the crista galli to the other, in order to reach the olfactory region of the nasal cavity

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11
Q

foramina of olfactory nerve

A

cribriform plate

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12
Q

function of olfactory nerve

A

olfaction

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13
Q

test for olfactory nerve

A

offer a familiar smelling item such as an orange

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14
Q

origin or optic nerve

A

retina

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15
Q

optic tracts

A

carry visual information to thalamus which relays information to primary cortex

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16
Q

foramina of optic nerve

A

optic canal

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17
Q

function of optic nerve

A

vision

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18
Q

test for optic nerve

A
  • fundoscopy
  • letter charts
  • colour vision
  • visual field test
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19
Q

fundoscopy

A

looking at the back of the retina with a light

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20
Q

origin or oculomotor nerve

A

pontomesencephalic junction

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21
Q

foramina of oculomotor nerve

A

superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

function of oculomotor nerve

A
  • somatic motor for extra ocular muscles

- visceral motor to ciliary muscles and splinter pupillae

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23
Q

test for oculomotor nerve

A

H test

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24
Q

origin of trochlear nerve

A

dorsal side of midbrain

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25
Q

foramina of trochlear nerve

A

superior orbital fissure

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26
Q

function of trochlear nerve

A

somatic motor superior oblique

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27
Q

test for trochlear nerve

A

H test

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28
Q

origin of abducens nerve

A

pontomedullary junction

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29
Q

test for abducens nerve

A

H test

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30
Q

function of abducens nerve

A

somatic motor for lateral rectus

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31
Q

CN1

A

olfactory

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32
Q

CN2

A

optic

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33
Q

CN3

A

oculomotor

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34
Q

CN4

A

trochlear

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35
Q

CN5

A

trigeminal

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36
Q

CN6

A

abducens

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37
Q

CN7

A

facial

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38
Q

CN8

A

vestibulocochlear

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39
Q

CN9

A

glossopharyngeal

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40
Q

CN10

A

vagus

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41
Q

CN11

A

accessory

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42
Q

CN12

A

hypoglossal

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43
Q

foramen of abducens nerve

A

superior orbital fissure

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44
Q

what is oribicularis oculi innervated by

A

CN7

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45
Q

what is the superior tarsal muscle innervated by

A

sympathetic system

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46
Q

what is levator palpebral superiors innervated by

A

CN3

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47
Q

what are dilators of the eyelid innervated by

A

sympathetic system

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48
Q

role of ciliary muscle

A

changes shape of lens

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49
Q

divisions of trigeminal nerve

A 
v1 = opthalmic
v2 = maxillary
v3 = mandibular
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50
Q

origin of trigeminal nerve

A

lateral to the midline of the pons

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51
Q

foramina of V1

A

superior orbital fissure

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52
Q

foramina of V2

A

foramen rotundum

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53
Q

foramina of V3

A

foramen ovale

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54
Q

function of V1

A

somatic sensation from forehead

55
Q

function of V2

A

somatic sensation from middle face (between eye and mouth)

56
Q

function of V3

A
  • somatic sensation from lower face, mandible and anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • brachial motor for muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric muscle, tensor tympani
57
Q

tensor tympani

A

tenses tympanic membrane over auditory canal to protect the ear from loud noises

58
Q

test for v1

A

cotton wool on forehead

59
Q

test for v2

A

cotton ooo on cheek

60
Q

test for v3

A
  • cotton wool on jaw
  • feel muscle mass
  • jaw-jerk fexled
61
Q

autonomic ganglia of the head and neck

A

ciliary
pterygopalatine
submandibular
otic

62
Q

location of facial nerve

A

cerebellopontine angle

63
Q

foramina of facial nerve

A
  • enters internal acoustic canal

- leaves via stylomastoid foramen

64
Q

function of facial nerve - brachial motor

A

muscles of facial expression and posterior belly of digastric muscle for swallowing

65
Q

function of facial nerve - special sensory

A

taste to anterior 2/3 tongue

66
Q

function of facial nerve - somatic sensory

A

skin of ear

67
Q

function of facial nerve - visceral motor / parasympathetic

A

all glands except parotid

68
Q

function of facial nerve - brachial supply

A

stapedius muscle

  • tenses when we hear loud noises
  • stabilise bones in ear
69
Q

test for facial nerve

A
  • facial movements
  • taste
  • salivation
70
Q

branches of facial nerve

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cerebral
71
Q

origin of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

cerebellopontine angle

72
Q

foramina of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

internal acoustic canal

73
Q

function of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

special sensory for hearing and balance

74
Q

test for vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Rinne’s and Weber’s test

75
Q

location of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

postero-lateral sulcus of medulla

76
Q

foramina pf glossopharyngeal nerve

A

jugular foramen

77
Q

function of glossopharyngeal nerve - brachial motor

A

swallowing (pharynx)

78
Q

function of glossopharyngeal nerve - special sensory

A

taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

79
Q

innervation of taste on tongue

A

posterior 1/3 = glossopharyngeal nerve

anterior 2/3 = facial

80
Q

function of glossopharyngeal nerve - somatic sensory

A
  • middle eat
  • pharynx
  • posterior 1/3 tongue
81
Q

function of glossopharyngeal nerve - visceral motor

A

parotid gland

82
Q

innervation of parotid gland

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

83
Q

function of glossopharyngeal nerve - visceral sensation

A

from carotid body and carotid sinus monitoring oxygen and blood pressure

84
Q

test for glossopharyngeal nerve

A

gag reflex by stimulating the pharynx

85
Q

location of vagus nerve

A

posterolateral sulcus on medulla

86
Q

foramina of vagus nerve

A

jugular foramen

87
Q

function of vagus nerve - brachial motor

A

muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate and digestive organs

88
Q

function of vagus nerve - special sensory

A

taste from epiglottis and palate

89
Q

function of vagus nerve - somatic sensory

A

from epiglottis and skin of external ear

90
Q

function of vagus nerve - visceral motor (parasympathetic)

A

to thoracic and GI tract

91
Q

test for vagus nerve

A
  • speaking

- movement of uvula

92
Q

origin of accessory nerve

A

posterolateral sulcus on caudal medulla

93
Q

foramina of accessory nerve

A

jugular foramen

94
Q

function of accessory nerve

A

innervate SCM and trapezius

95
Q

test for accessory nerve

A

shrug shoulder and rotate head against resistance

96
Q

origin of hypoglossal nerve

A

anterolateral sulcus on medulla

97
Q

foramina of hypoglossal nerve

A

hypoglossal canal

98
Q

function of hypoglossal nerve

A

somatic motor to muscles of tongue

99
Q

test for hypoglossal nerve

A

protrude tongue

100
Q

cranial nerves which are sensory only

A

1
2
8

101
Q

cranial nerves which are motor only

A 
3
4
6
11
12
102
Q

cranial nerves which are sensory and motor

A

5
7
9
10

103
Q

mnemonic for cranial nerve types

A

some says money matters but by brother says big books matter most

104
Q

spinal contributions of CN11

A
  • neurones in grey matter between C1-5 give rise to spinal roots which contribute to accessory nerve
  • Ascend to the skull enter using the foramen magnum and joined with a cranial route, forming the accessory nerve
  • eventually leave via the jugular foramen and innervate trapezius and SCM muscle
105
Q

if right hypoglossal nerve is damaged, which way does the tongue deviate to?

A

right as left nerve dominates and nothing to oppose it

106
Q

how do true olfactory nerves enter the cranial cavity?

A
  • Originate from the nasal mucosa before synapsing with olfactory bulbs and entering the olfactory tract
  • Enter the cranial cavity by passing through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
107
Q

loss of smell

A

anosmia

108
Q

where are the cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory fibres located?

A

trigeminal ganglion

109
Q

area of skin supplied by v1

A

forehead

110
Q

area of skin supplied by v2

A

maxillar region

111
Q

area of skin supplied by v3

A

mandibular region

112
Q

which nerves are associated with the corneal reflex (blink)

A

trigeminal

facial

113
Q

which nerves are associated with the jaw-jerk reflex

A

trigeminal

114
Q

trigeminal nerualgia

A

chronic pain condition due to blood vessels pressing on the root of the trigeminal nerve

115
Q

how to test pterygoids

A

move jaw from side to side with resistance

116
Q

how to test master and temporalis

A

jaw-jerk feflex

117
Q

where are the cell bodies of the sensory fibres running in the facial nerve located

A

geniculate ganglion

118
Q

belly palsy

A

temporary weakness or paralysis in the muscles of the face

119
Q

facial nerve fibres running in the greater petrosal nerve

A

a branch of the nerves intermedium that carries parasympathetic taste, and sensory fibres of the facial nerve

120
Q

how to differentiate between a stroke and Bell’s palsy

A 
CNA = stroke
PNS = bell's palsy
121
Q

hyperacusis

A

a condition that affects how you perceive sounds

- heightened sensitivity for particular sounds

122
Q

cause of hyperacusis

A

facial nerve lesion

123
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

124
Q

dysphonia

A

disordered sound at sound at larynx-hoarseness

125
Q

dysarthria

A

muscles use for speech are damagaed

126
Q

cause of dysphagia

A

damage to facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossal nerve

127
Q

cause of dysphonia

A

damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve

128
Q

cause of dysarthria

A

damage to trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal nerve

129
Q

pterygopalatine ganglia

A

receives parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve and supplies the lacrimal and palatine glands and the mucosa of the nasal cavity

130
Q

otic ganglia

A

receives parasympathetic fibres from glossopharyngeal and supplies parotid gland

131
Q

submandibular ganglia

A

receives parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve and supplies submandibular and sublingual glands

132
Q

ciliary ganglia

A

receives parasympathetic fibres from oculomotor nerve and supplies ciliary / sphincter papillae muscle

133
Q

possible causes of oculomotor nerve damage

A
  • pressure on nerve (aneurysm / hernia)

- inadequate flow to nerve (diabetes / hypertension)

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