1 - front of neck Flashcards
level of the hyoid bone
C3
level of the thyroid cartilage
between C4-5
superior attachment of the hyoid bone
floor of the oral cavity
inferior attachment of the hyoid bone
larynx
posterior attachment of the hyoid bone
pharynx
adam’s apple
thyroid prominence
thyroid cartilage
- largest cartilage
- uppermost cartilage
- c shaped rings
level of cricoid cartilage
C6
function of cricothyroid ligament / membrane
contracts and relaxes vocal ligaments
what is the dent in between the clavicles and above the manubrium called?
suprasternal notch
where is the suprasternal notch located
between the clavicles and above the manubrium
function of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- flexes the neck
what would happen if the right sternocleidomastoid muscle contracted alone
the head would turn towards the left shoulder
nerve supply of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
spinal part of the accessory nerve
level of suprasternal notch
T2
origin for sternocleidomastoid muscle
medial end of the clavicle
insertion of sternocleidomastoid muscle
mastoid process
base of posterior triangle
middle 1/3 of clavicle
posterior boundary of posterior triangle
anterior edge of trapezius
anterior boundary of the posterior triangle
posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle
contents of the posterior triangle
- trunks of the brachial plexus
- spinal accessory nerve
- inferior belly of omohyoid muscles
- external jugular vein
- apex of lung
what could damage to the posterior triangle result in
- damage to tanks of BP affecting motor function of the arm
- pneumothorax due to puncture to the pleural membrane
- damage to spinal accessory nerve
injury to the superior trunk of the BP
impaired shoulder abduction as C5 and C6 are injured
which muscles are supplied bu the accessory nerve
sternocleidomastoid
trapexius
external jugular vein route
descends from the mandible down the neck medially and laterally across the surface of the SCM muscle where it joins the subclavian vein at the clavicle
when does the external jugular vein drain into subclavian vein
middle of clavicle
lateral / posterior boundary of the anterior triangle
sternocleidomastoid muscle
superior boundary / base of the anterior triangle
inferior border of the mandible
medial / anterior boundary of the anterior triangle
midline of the neck
contents of the anterior triangle
- lobes of the thyroid gland
- suprahyoid muscles
- infra hyoid muscles
- common carotid artery and divisions
- internal jugular veins
- cranial and peripheral nerves
infra hyoid muscles
sterohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohoid
sternothyroid
what muscles does the ansa cervicalis supply
sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyrid
level of ansa cervicalis
C2-3
innervation of thyroihoid
anterior rams of C1
function of supra hyoid muscles
swallowing
functions of infra hyoid muscles
depress the hyoid bone during swallowing
attachments of anterior belly of the digastric muscle
digastric fossa - grooves in the mandible
attachments of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
mastoid process of the temporal bone
innervation of anterior belly of digastric muscle
trigeminal nerve (CN3)
innervation of posterior belly of digastric muscle
facial nerve (CN7)
function of digastric muscle when mandible is fixed
raises the hyoid bone
function of the digastric muscle when the hyoid bone is fixed
opens the mouth by lowering the mandible
anterior components of the larynx
thyroid cartilage
laryngeal prominence
cricoid cartilage
cricothyroid membrane
cricothyroidotomy / laryngotomy
incision in the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish an airway in a life threatening situation when the airway is blocked above the level of the vocal cords
tracheostomy
surgical procedure when a hole is made in the trachea and a tube is inserted to enable ventilation when there is obstruction to the larynx
carotid sheath
thick layer of fascia in the neck
three components of the carotid sheath
common carotid artery
vagus nerve
internal jugular vein
functions of the IJV
drains blood from the brain, skull and superficial parts of the face and neck
what can swelling of the IJV suggest
chronic lung disease
mediastinal tumours
infections
divisions of the common carotid artery
external and internal carotid artery
route of internal carotid artery
no branches
straight to the brain
route of external carotid artery
branches in face and neck (8)
at which vertebral level does the carotid bifurcation occur
C3-4
function of vagus nerve
- gives off branches which control speaking and swallowing
- innervates larynx
larynx structures
epiglottis
vocal cords
functions of the larynx
- valve to close respiratory tract during swallowing
- phonation
how is pitch altered
changing the length and tension of the vocal cords
which muscles assist pitch
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
which cranial nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve
branches of the vagus nerve
recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve
innervation of cricothyroid muscle
superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve
which cranial nerve supplies the lips
trigeminal nerve
which cranial nerve supplies the tongue
hypoglossal nerve
where does the vagus nerve give off the recurrent laryngeal nerve
arch of the aorta
why does hoarseness sometimes occur following thyroid surgery
recurrent laryngeal nerve is closely related to the thyroid gland and thyroid surgery
hoarseness results from damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve resulting in vocal cord paralysis
divisions of the superior laryngeal artery
external and internal laryngeal artery
where does the superior laryngeal artery birfurcate
just above the hyoid bone
what does the external laryngeal branch supply
cricothyroid muscle
what does the internal laryngeal nerve supply
sensory fibres above the vocal cords
divisions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
what structure separates the nasopharynx and the oropharynx
soft palate
what structure separates the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
epiglottis
what happens when the bolus of food hits the soft palate and why
tenses and elevates
helps to push the food down the oesophagus and closes the way to the nasal cavity so that no food can pass back to the nasal airways
what happens when the bolus of food hits the hyoid bone and why
pulled forwards and upwards along with the larynx
open the laryngeal pharynx and tilt the epiglottis downwards over the laryngeal inlet
role of epiglottis in swallowing
moves down to block the laryngeal inlet to prevent food entering the lower respiratory tract
which muscles move food down the oesophagus
constrictor muscles
innervation of the pharynx
pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
vocal cords in respiration
open to allow the passage of air
vocal cords in swallowing
closed / adducted to prevent food travelling down the trachea
vocal cords in phonation
adducted and abducted / open and close
phonation
vocal cords are adducted air is obstructed pressure increases vocal cords forced apart air escapes vocal cords close rapid repetition of this results in vibrations and sound waves
how to examine the thyroid gland
ask the patient to swallow
location of isthmus of thyroid gland
2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
thyroid gland blood supply
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
blood supply of larynx
laryngeal branch of superior and inferior thyroid artery
blood supply of pharynx
branches of facial, lingual and maxillary arteries
