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control > L3- Brain, Meninges > Flashcards

L3- Brain, Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

rostral

A

the front end of the body, specifically in the region of the nose and mouth

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2
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail

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3
Q

cortex

A

thin layer of grey matter on the outside of the brain

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4
Q

ganglion

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies within the PNS

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5
Q

lateral sulcus

A

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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6
Q

central sulcus

A

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

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7
Q

what is the corpus callous composed of

A

white matter

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8
Q

what is the corpus callous part of

A

telencephalon

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9
Q

what is the corpus callous supplied by

A

anterior cerebral artery

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10
Q

function of corpus callosum

A

connects two hemispheres to ensure the sides of the brain communicate with one another

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11
Q

which nervous system is the optic nerve part of

A

CNS

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12
Q

3 meningeal layers

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
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13
Q

appearance of dura mater

A

tough
fibrous
protective

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14
Q

appearance of arachnoid mater

A

thin
delicate
vascular
spider’s web

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15
Q

appearance of Pia mater

A

microscopically thin

follows gyri and sulci

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16
Q

what is the dura mater formed from

A

periosteal outer layer lining the inside of the skull and a meningeal layer

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17
Q

periosteal dura mater

A

highly adhered to the dura of the skull

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18
Q

meningeal dura mater

A

tightly adhered to the arachnoid space

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19
Q

space between arachnoid mater and Pia mater

A

subarachnoid space containing CSF

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20
Q

functions of CSF

A
  • Acts as a shock absorber (protection)
  • Acts as a medium for circulation of nutrients
  • Waste removal
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21
Q

dural infoldings / partitions / septae

A

where the inner dural layer separates from the outer layer and protrude into the cranial cavity

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22
Q

location of falx cerebri

A

located between the 2 cerebral hemispheres

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23
Q

attachments of falx cerebri

A

frontally - crista galli

posteriorly - occipital bone

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24
Q

which dural septum extends down between the two cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

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25
Q

which dural septum extends between the occipital lobes of the hemispheres and the cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

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26
Q

which dural septum protrudes into the cerebellar hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

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27
Q

what is the function of the dural infoldings

A

Subdivide the cranial cavity and support the brain by limiting the rotational displacement of the brain

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28
Q

which dural venous sinus runs along the lines of the attachment of the tentorium cerebelli and the falx cerebri

A

superior sagital sinus

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29
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

spaces created due to separation of the dura layers

30
Q

attachments of tentorium cerebelli

A

occipital bone along the grooves of the transverse sinuses

31
Q

function of dural venous sinuses

A

reabsorbs venous blood and cerebrospinous fluid

32
Q

epidural space

A

fat between bone and dura –> NOT IN THE CRANIUM

33
Q

denticulate ligaments

A

pia mater ligaments which attach the spinal cord on either side to the arachnoid mater and then to the dura mater

34
Q

potential space

A

not an actual space, except in pathological conditions

35
Q

what are arachnoid granulations / villi

A
  • Projections from the arachnoid which project into the sinuses in the superior surfaces of the brain
  • CSF returns to the venous system through these arachnoid villi
36
Q

potential space in the cranial meninges

A

between the dura and arachnoid mater

37
Q

subarachnoid space in the cranial meninges

A

between arachnoid and Pia mater

38
Q

which vessel provides the arterial supply to the dura mater

A

meningeal artery

39
Q

which artery supplies blood to the dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa

A

anterior meningeal arteries

40
Q

which artery supplies blood to the dura mater of the middle cranial fossa

A

middle and accessory meningeal arteries

41
Q

which artery supplies blood to the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa

A

posterior meningeal artery

42
Q

why are there many C shaped structures in the brain

A

telencephalon over grows meaning it folds over the diencephalon, adopting a C shape

43
Q

location of 3rd ventricle

A

between two thalami

44
Q

location of 4th ventricle

A

between pons and cerebellum

45
Q

where is the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle located

A

frontal lobe

46
Q

where is the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle located

A

occipital lobe

47
Q

which foramina attaches the lateral ventricles to the 3rd and 4tth ventricle

A

interventricular foramina / foramen of Monroe

48
Q

foramen of Monroe

A

connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd and 4tth ventricle

49
Q

what connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

50
Q

which foramen allow for the movement of CSF in the 4th ventriclr

A
  • foramina of Luschka - lateral apertures

- foramen of Magendie - median apertures

51
Q

where is the foramina of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie located

A

4th ventricle

52
Q

choroid fissure

A

a collection of blood vessels and specialised cells located in-between the arachnoid and pita meter

53
Q

function of choroid fissure

A
  • filter blood from the capillaries
  • change ion concentration
  • removal of proteins
  • produce CSF
54
Q

cisterns

A

expansions of the subarachnoid space

55
Q

where are cisterns located

A

everywhere in the brain and spinal cord

56
Q

favoured sampling site for CSF

A

lumbar cistern

57
Q

why is the lumbar cistern the favoured sampling site for CSF

A

a needle can be inserted here with a relatively little risk of damaging the CNS as the spinal cord ends above this

58
Q

how is CSF recycled back into the venous system

A

via the dural sinuses with the help of arachnoid villi

59
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Is CSF circulation is blocked, it accumulates upstream of the blockage

60
Q

Hydrocephalus in children

A
  • Ventricles will expand
  • In children, it can cause the skull to expand with the ventricles
  • will result in an enlarged brain
61
Q

Hydrocephalus in adults

A
  • Ventricles will expand

- In adults, bone cannot expand resulting in compression in the brain

62
Q

if there is blockage in the in interventricular foramen, which ventricle will expand in hydrocephalus

A

lateral ventricles

63
Q

ventricles in the brain

A

2 lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

64
Q

where are the lateral ventricles located

A

in each hemisphere of the brain

65
Q

what shape are the lateral ventricles

A

C shaped

66
Q

what happens to the brain when a person has dementia

A

grey matter shrinkssulci and gyri become more prominent

67
Q

maxillary bodies

A

part of the hypothalamus

68
Q

where is the infundibulum / pituitary stalk located

A

behind the optic chiasma

69
Q

what is the infundibulum / pituitary stalk

A

connected to the pituitary gland as is an extension of the diencephalon

70
Q

collections of axons on the PNS

A

nerve

71
Q

Fasciculus

A

a collection of axons in the CNS

  • Usually, part of a pathway that brings information from somewhere to somewhere else
  • Can be contained within tracts
72
Q

tract

A

a bundle of axons and white matter sharing an origin and destination in the CNS

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