L28 - cerebellum

Question 1

function of cerebellum

Answer 1

production of coordinated movements

maintains equilibrium, balance and posture

Question 2

which way does the cerebellum act

Answer 2

ipsilaterally

Question 3

location of cerebellum

Answer 3

under occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres

Question 4

how is cerebellum attached to brainstem

Answer 4

cerebral peduncles

Question 5

3 subdivisions of the cerebellum

Answer 5

vestibulocerebellum (archicerebellum)
spinocerebellum (paleocerebellum)
cerebrocerebellum (neocerebellum)

Question 6

what does the vestibulocerebellum consist of

Answer 6

flocculonodular lobe and part of vermis

Question 7

what does the spinocerebellum consist of

Answer 7

most of vermis and adjacent region of hemispheres

Question 8

what does the cerebrocerebellum consist of

Answer 8

lateral parts of hemispheres

Question 9

vestibulocerebellum

Answer 9

• coordinates muscles involved in maintaining balance and constancy of visual fields
• receives input from vestibular apparatus of inner ear

Question 10

spinocerebellum

Answer 10

regulates body and limb movements (adjusts muscle tone)

Question 11

cerebrocerebellum

Answer 11

• coordinates movements of distal limbs, particularly fine, skilled and targeted movements of hands

Question 12

where does vestibulocerebellum receive information from

Answer 12

vestibulocerebellar afferents from the vestibular nuclei of the same side - travel via ICP

Question 13

where does information from vestibulocerebellum travel to

Answer 13

sends cerebellovestibular efferents back to vestibular nuclei - travel via ICP

Question 14

how does vestibulocerebellum regulate balance and eye movements

Answer 14

vestibulospinal tract

medial longitudinal fasciculis

Question 15

vestibulocerebellum - vestibulospinal tract

Answer 15

Coordinates the actions of muscles that maintain equilibrium

Question 16

vestibulocerebellum - medial longitudinal fasciculis

Answer 16

• Coordinates the actions of eye movement

- Also descends with vestibulospinal tract (similar role)

Question 17

where does spinocerebellum receive information from

Answer 17

Receives unconscious proprioception from Golgi organs/muscle spindle via spinocerebellar afferents which travel via ICP

Question 18

where does information from spinocerebellum travel to

Answer 18

Sends Cerebellothalamic and cerebellorubral efferents to thalamus and red nucleus – travel via SCP

Question 19

via which tracts does the spinocerebellum influence descending pathways

Answer 19

rubrospinal

corticospinal

Question 20

what type of fibres does the cerebrocerebellum receive

Answer 20

pontocerebellar afferents

olivocerebellar afferents

Question 21

what type of fibres does the cerebrocerebellum send

Answer 21

cerebellothalamic

Question 22

where does cerebrocerebellum receive information from - pontocerebellar afferents

Answer 22

from contralateral pontine nucleus via the MCP

Question 23

where does cerebrocerebellum receive information from - olivocerebellar afferents

Answer 23

from the contralateral inferior olivary nucleus via the ICP

Question 24

where does information from cerebrocerebellum travel to

Answer 24

Sends cerebellothalamic to contralateral thalamus via SCP decussation to generate a response

From thalamus project to motor cortex = cerebellothalamic fibres

Question 25

via which tracts does the cerebrocerebellum influence descending pathways

Answer 25

- Corticospinal tracts - Corticorubro (rubrospinal) pathways - Corticoreticular (reticulospinal) pathways

Question 26

olivocerebellar fibres

Answer 26

transverse pontine fibres

Question 27

which peduncle connects pons to cerebellum

Answer 27

MCP

Question 28

which peduncle connects medulla to cerebellum

Answer 28

ICP

Question 29

which peduncle connects midbrain to cerebellum

Answer 29

SCP

Question 30

role of cereberopeduncles

Answer 30

allow fibres to cross the midline

Question 31

role of reticulospinal pathway

Answer 31

voluntary movement / breathing / consciousness

Question 32

role of rubrospinal pathway

Answer 32

controls muscle tone

Question 33

consequence of cerebellar damage

Answer 33

incoordination or ataxia | person can still move, but in a disordered manner

Question 34

truncal ataxia

Answer 34

inability to stand or sit without falling over

Question 35

where is the lesion if someone has truncal ataxia

Answer 35

vestibulocerebellum

Question 36

a lesion to the LHS of the cerebellum will cause symptoms on what side of the body?

Answer 36

left

Question 37

where is the lesion if someone has sensory ataxia

Answer 37

DCML pathway | loss of proprioception

Question 38

how to test for truncal ataxia

Answer 38

Nystagmus - coordination of eye movement commonly affected | Ask patient to look in a particular direction, patient’s eyes will involuntarily move side to side

Question 39

gait ataxia - where is the lesion?

Answer 39

spino cerebellum

Question 40

where does gait ataxia affect

Answer 40

lower limbs mostly

Question 41

signs of gait ataxia

Answer 41

- Staggering, wide-based gait | - Trying to look at feet when walk

Question 42

what type of ataxia are alcoholics prone to and why?

Answer 42

gait ataxia | degeneration of cerebellar neurones in paravermal areas

Question 43

consequence of lesion to cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 43

lesion to cerebrocerebellum | incoordination of voluntary movement, particularly I the upper limb

Question 44

Adiadochokinesia

Answer 44

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements | ask them to pronate and supinate their arm quickly