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control > L1 - intro to the human brain > Flashcards

L1 - intro to the human brain Flashcards

1
Q

role of afferent / sensory neurones

A

carry information from receptors to CNS

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2
Q

role of efferent / motor neurones

A

carry information from CNA to peripheral effectors

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3
Q

interneurons

A

link afferent neurons to efferent neurones with CNS

- important in reflex arches

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4
Q

dendrites

A

receives action potention

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5
Q

axon

A

conducts action potential

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6
Q

cell body

A

processes and integrates action potential before sending it along the axon

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7
Q

myelin sheath

A

insulator substance allowing for faster conduction

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8
Q

relationship between size of axon and speed of current

A

the size of the axon is proportional to how fast the action potential is conducted

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9
Q

squid axon

A

very big

conducts electricity very fast

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10
Q

rabbit nerve

A

very small

requires myelination for faster conduction

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11
Q

which type of nerve requires myelination

A

rabbit nerve

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12
Q

types of neuron

A

bipolar
pseudo-unipolar
multipolar

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13
Q

bipolar neuron

A

2 projections arising from the cell body

- axon and dendrites

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14
Q

where are bipolar neurones found

A

organs which deal with special senses

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15
Q

multipolar neuron

A

multiple projections from the cell body

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16
Q

which is the most numerous type of neuron

A

multipolar neuron

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17
Q

pseudo-unipolar neuron

A

only one projection from the cell body

- immediately after this however, this projection splits into 2

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18
Q

advantages of a pseudo-unipolar neuron

A

allows information to bypass the cell body (directly from dendrites to axon)

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19
Q

somatic

A

voluntary actions

20
Q

autonomic

A

involuntary actions

21
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

22
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

23
Q

sub-divisions of the CNS

A
  • cerebrum
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • spinal cord
24
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

connects the 2 hemispheres

25
Q

divisions of the cerebrum

A

inner and outer brain

26
Q

outer brain

A

telencephalon / cerebral hemisphere

27
Q

inner brain

A

diencephalon

28
Q

brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

29
Q

where is the cerebellum located

A

posterior to the brainstem

30
Q

what does the corpus callous consist of

A

white matter

31
Q

white matter

A

a collection of axons

32
Q

what marks the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

A

gyri and sulci

33
Q

gryi

A

ridges

34
Q

sulci

A

grooves

35
Q

what makes up the cerebral cortex

A

grey matter

36
Q

grey matter

A

a collection of cell bodies

37
Q

what are the cerebral hemispheres separated by

A

longitudinal fissure

38
Q

lissencephaly

A

smooth brain

- a lack of gyri and sulci

39
Q

clinical presentations of lissencephaly

A
  • psychomotor retardation
  • muscle spazms
  • difficulty swallowing
  • deformed hands, fingers or toes
  • unusual facial appearance
  • failure to thrive
40
Q

names of gyri

A

pre-central and post-central gyri

41
Q

functions of the pre-central gyrus

A

motor cortex (initiate motor control)

42
Q

which lobe is the pre-central gryus part of

A

frontal

43
Q

functions of the post-central gyrus

A

sensory cortex (receive sensory innervation)

44
Q

which lobe is the post-central gryus part of

A

parietal lobe

45
Q

which gyrus is located in the frontal lobe

A

pre-central gyrus

46
Q

which gyrus is located in the parietal lobe

A

post-central gyrus

47
Q

structures within the diencephalon

A

thalamus

hypothalamus

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