L25: Breathing In Unusal Environments

Question 1

How many phases does exercise have

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What is phase 1

Answer 2

Neural phase information that makes the limbs move are take to the cortex

Question 3

What is phase 2

Answer 3

Humoral phase

Information is carried in the blood e.g p02, pc02 etc

Question 4

What is phase 3

Answer 4

Steady state

Question 5

What is hyperpnea

Answer 5

When ventilation increases appropriately due to increasing metabolism so paco2 does not increase

Question 6

What is hyperventilation

Answer 6

After ventilation being proportional to metabolic demands, the ventilation increases disproportionately and paco2 decreases

Question 7

What is an anaerobic threshold

Answer 7

An accumulation of lactic acid (low ph)

Question 8

When can hyperpnea occur

Answer 8

During exercise

Question 9

Why does ventilation increase more in exercise than at rest

Answer 9

The sensitivity to carbon dioxide increases

Question 10

What causes an increase of carbon dioxide sensitivity during exercise

Answer 10

Adrenaline

Question 11

What happens to the barometric pressure and therefore oxygen when we increase altitude

Answer 11

Decreases

Question 12

What happens to ventilation as you go up an altitude

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

Why do we get hyperventilation in high altitudes

Answer 13

Hypoxia stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 14

How does hyperventilation affect carbon dioxide and what does it lead to

Answer 14

Hypocapnia

Question 15

What does hypocapnia lead to

Answer 15

Decrease in ventilation

Question 16

Overall at low to moderate altitude was happens to the ventilation

Answer 16

No change in ventilation as hypoxia and hypocapnia responces cancel it out

Question 17

What happens when you get to even higher altitudes

Answer 17

Hypoxia wins and takes control resulting in hyperventilation

Question 18

What does hypocapnia result in due to increase in hyperventilation at higher altititudes

Answer 18

Respiratory alkolosis

Question 19

Which organ compensates for respiratory alkolosis

Answer 19

Kidney

Question 20

How is someone able to survive without supplementary oxygen at mountain Everest

Answer 20

An increase in ph (due to alkolotic blood) shifts the hb saturation curve to the left via the Bohr effect. The person will have a higher saturation of hb at a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

Question 21

What happens to atmospheric pressure as you dive

Answer 21

Increases

Question 22

Why is a snorkel never longer than 40cm

Answer 22

If you dive a lot lots of pressure will build onto your thorax so the person will not be able to breath

Question 23

What will a narrow tube of snorkel create

Answer 23

Resistance so air wont get into the snorkel quick

Question 24

What happens to the gas density as you go down to deep levels in diving

Answer 24

Increases

Question 25

What does deep breath hold in free diving cause

Answer 25

Brain damage

Question 26

Can we breath in liquid

Answer 26

Yes only if there is enough oxygen inside it