L25: Breathing In Unusal Environments Flashcards

1
Q

How many phases does exercise have

A

3

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2
Q

What is phase 1

A

Neural phase information that makes the limbs move are take to the cortex

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3
Q

What is phase 2

A

Humoral phase

Information is carried in the blood e.g p02, pc02 etc

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4
Q

What is phase 3

A

Steady state

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5
Q

What is hyperpnea

A

When ventilation increases appropriately due to increasing metabolism so paco2 does not increase

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6
Q

What is hyperventilation

A

After ventilation being proportional to metabolic demands, the ventilation increases disproportionately and paco2 decreases

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7
Q

What is an anaerobic threshold

A

An accumulation of lactic acid (low ph)

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8
Q

When can hyperpnea occur

A

During exercise

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9
Q

Why does ventilation increase more in exercise than at rest

A

The sensitivity to carbon dioxide increases

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10
Q

What causes an increase of carbon dioxide sensitivity during exercise

A

Adrenaline

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11
Q

What happens to the barometric pressure and therefore oxygen when we increase altitude

A

Decreases

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12
Q

What happens to ventilation as you go up an altitude

A

Increases

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13
Q

Why do we get hyperventilation in high altitudes

A

Hypoxia stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors

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14
Q

How does hyperventilation affect carbon dioxide and what does it lead to

A

Hypocapnia

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15
Q

What does hypocapnia lead to

A

Decrease in ventilation

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16
Q

Overall at low to moderate altitude was happens to the ventilation

A

No change in ventilation as hypoxia and hypocapnia responces cancel it out

17
Q

What happens when you get to even higher altitudes

A

Hypoxia wins and takes control resulting in hyperventilation

18
Q

What does hypocapnia result in due to increase in hyperventilation at higher altititudes

A

Respiratory alkolosis

19
Q

Which organ compensates for respiratory alkolosis

20
Q

How is someone able to survive without supplementary oxygen at mountain Everest

A

An increase in ph (due to alkolotic blood) shifts the hb saturation curve to the left via the Bohr effect. The person will have a higher saturation of hb at a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

21
Q

What happens to atmospheric pressure as you dive

22
Q

Why is a snorkel never longer than 40cm

A

If you dive a lot lots of pressure will build onto your thorax so the person will not be able to breath

23
Q

What will a narrow tube of snorkel create

A

Resistance so air wont get into the snorkel quick

24
Q

What happens to the gas density as you go down to deep levels in diving

25
What does deep breath hold in free diving cause
Brain damage
26
Can we breath in liquid
Yes only if there is enough oxygen inside it